it在英语中起着重要的作用,在中学时期我们已经学习过,it可以做真正的主语用来指代人和事物(-Who is that?-It’s me!);指代时间和季节(It is 10 o'clock./It is summer now.);指代天气(It is raining/cloudy.);指代距离和情况(It is 5 kilometers away to home.)。以上的情况是比较基础且比较简单的用法。但是,在历年的考研英语中it主要用法都是什么呢?今天就跟小编来盘点一下,在考研英语中,it除了它,到底还以什么形式出现?
一、It做形式主语
在英语当中,当动词不定时、名词短语或者从句在句中当中充当主语时,因为内容过长而显得头重脚轻,因此将it置于谓语动词之前作为形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子后半部分,这就叫做it做形式主语。
例1 ...it could be argued that it is advisable to follow the FSA advice.(2020年考研英语一 完形填空)
it作形式主句,真正的主语应该是that引导的主语从句,本句可改为that it is advisable to follow the FSA advice could be argued;除此之外主语从句中依然包含了同样的结构,it做形式主语,主语从句中的真正主语应该是动词不定式to follow the FSA advice。因此在分析句子结构时,应该重点关注it究竟指代是什么成分。
例2 It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.(2020年考研英语一 完形填空)
本句中的真正主语应该是动词不定式to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.,其中it是形式主语放在表语之前指代动词不定式结构。此外,that引导句宾语从句做动词不定式中call的宾语。
例3 It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.(2020年考研英语一 翻译)
本句中的it做形式主语,指代真正的主语to go forth and seek out the truth,又用which引导了定语从句对truth进行修饰,因此,句子主干为to go forth and seek out the truth is the purpose and responsibility of great minds。
例4 ...it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue(2020年考研英语二 翻译)
本句结构相对比较简单,it做形式主语,指代真正的主语,即动词不定式to keep in mind,that引导了宾语从句做keep ...in mind的宾语。本句的句子主干为to keep in mind that...is important.
二、It做形式宾语
it作形式宾语指,真正的宾语为句子后半部分的动词不定式或者宾语从句,it只是形式上的宾语来替代他们,以避免形式上的头重脚轻。
例1 The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.(2019考研英语二 阅读理解)
本句的主干为The decisions to collect sales tax on certain online purchases more difficult.为了避免头重脚轻且更符合写作习惯,使用it作形式主语指代后边的动词不定内容。因此,it不是made真正的宾语,而to collect sales tax on certain online purchases才是真正的宾语。
三、It构成的强调句型
it在强调结构中的作用异常重要,强调句型的结构为:it is + 被强调部分+that/who,若将It is that/who删掉之后,句子成份依然完整,那么就可以判定句型为强调句型。
例1 It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
(2020年考研英语一 翻译)
在本句中,it was...that为强调句型,被强调部分为with these great revelations,将强调句型去掉之后,句子结构依然完整。所以本句的主干为with these great revelations a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.随着这些伟大的启示,一种建立在理性基础上的新哲学诞生了。
例2 It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realized just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.(2019年考研英语一 阅读理解)
在本句中,it was...that为强调句型,被强调部分为only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,,本剧中的强调部分内容较多,因此在句型识别上需要多花一些耐心,在看到it is/was之后,可以首要考虑此句型是否为强调句。在本句中,句子的主干结构为after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,I realized just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.被强调的部分是一个由after引导的一个完整的时间状语从句。
在历年的考研英语试题中,it一直是命题点,因为强调和指代均为命题点,it出现的地方不是强调句型,就是指代。因此一旦it出现的地方也是考研英语中命题之处,因此要格外关注它。
以上为小编整理的"考研英语阅读中出现比较多的单词"it",看似简单但其实不好掌握!"的相关内容,预祝大家都能考上理想的学校!更多相关内容尽在考研英语频道!
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