*usesasufficientrangeofvocabularytoallowsomeflexibilityandprecision
*useslesscommonlexicalitemswithsomeawarenessofstyleandcollocation
*mayproduceoccasionalerrorsinwordchoice,spellingand/orwordformation
*usesanadequaterangeofvocabularyforthetask
*attemptstouselesscommonvocabularybutwithsomeinaccuracy
*makessomeerrorsinspellingand/orwordformation,buttheydonotimpedecommunication
同六分词汇标准相比,7分多了两个要求:flexibility(灵活性)andprecision(准确性)。灵活性暗示我们在作文中要设置同意替换词[1]。比如,第一段写了developingcountries,第二段就可以用thesenations,第三段可以用poorregions
准确性指在该题目下贴切的,核心的词汇[2]。比如政府话题写出welffare福利一词,环保话题写出environmental-friendly一词。
7分和6分同时要求:要有lesscommonlexicalitems,不普通的,含义较深刻的词汇。比如undermine(v.逐渐破坏)代替damage;用dilemma代替problem。用的好不好,地道不地道,是否注意到了style(文体)和collocation(搭配)决定了是6还是7.
所以在写作中,词汇在准确使用的基础上,我们一定要注意设置同意替换词。在练习时我们就要不断积累同意替换词,在经常使用的单词上多想想,还可以替换什么样的词和表达方式。
*useavarietyofcomplexstructures
*producesfrequenterror-freesentences
*hasgoodcontrolofgrammarandpunctuationbutmaymakeafewerrors.
(那么什么算是avarietyof呢?3种以上才称得上avarietyof,所以写作中要写出4种以上不同的从句。剑桥书后的考官范文,平均每篇12句话,2句话是简单句,2句话是并列句,其余8句都是各种从句)
*usesamixofsimpleandcomplexsentenceforms
*makessomeerrorsingrammarandpunctuationbuttheyrarelyreducecommunication
英文句式:简单句,并列句,限制性定语从句=分词做定语,非限制性定语从句,名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句),状语从句=分词做状语,强调句,倒装句,插入语结构,双重否定表肯定结构
在写作中,我们要熟练,正确,恰当的应用多种句式与结构。当然除了句式我们还有时态,准确恰当运用各种时态在简单句和复合句中。
Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theenvironment[3]hasbeendeteriorated[4].(主+谓的简单句)
=Astheeconomydevelopsrapidly,theenvironmenthasbeendeteriorated.(as引导的时间状语从句)
Experts[5]suggestthegovernmenttotakedowntheoldbuildingsintheurbancenterinordertoimprovethecityimage.(主+谓+宾+宾补的简单句)
=Expertssuggestthatthegovernmentshouldteardownurbanoldbuildingsinordertoenhancetheimageofthiscity.(that引导的宾语从句)
Themoneywhichwasspentonwildanimalsprotection[6]shouldhavebeenusedtoimprovehumanlives.(定语从句)
=Themoneyspentonwildanimalprotectionshouldhavebeenusedtoimprovehumanlives.(过去分词做定语)
Springcameon,andthetreesturnedgreen.(并列句)
=whenspringcameon,thetreesturnedgreen.(时间状语从句)
=Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.(独立主格结构)
Topicsofpunishmentofcriminalsalwaysarousepeople’sattention.(简单句)
=Topicsofthepunishmentofcriminalsneverfailtoarousepeople’sattention.(双重否表肯定)
=Neverdotopicsofthepunishmentofcriminalsfailtoarousepeople’sattention.(倒装句)