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OMG!5月的第一场托福竟然有这么多原题!

发布时间: 2023-02-13 18:04:35

OMG!5月的第一场托福竟然有这么多原题!

这个应该就是福宝们看到考题时内心的活动,嘴角忍不住上扬。
当然了,这 只限于认真复习 反复练习托福历年真题 的福宝了
为什么?! 因为有原题啊!
行了,一起来看看吧!5月第一场托福考试到底出现了多少原题以便福宝们在之后的复习中能够多留意,多用心。
原题有多少,用心有多深 (提示:考题综合于网上考生,仅供参考)
1. Agriculture in Colonial New England
殖民地时期新英格兰地区的农业
2. Cave Art in Europe
洞穴与岩石艺术
主要讲述岩洞/岩石艺术的主题内容(subject matter):刻画史前大型狩猎动物,很少画人;岩石艺术的制作方法:一般都是雕刻在岩石表面,后来出现上色;所使用的材料:最初只有铁氧化石的红色颜料,和偶尔的黑白棕黄色,但艺术家创造性地发明了杵和臼(pestles and mortars)等研磨工具将不同材料混合产生出多种不同的色彩。
3. The Roman Army's Impact on Britain
罗马军队对英国的影响
4.  森林植被
森林中上面的canopy总是比下面的晚伸展开叶子。先讲了植物靠非生物因素决定什么时候伸展叶子:气温(可能通过日照来判断气温)还有生物因素。canopy晚伸展的原因:冷、霜、酶的温度不是最优、风传粉时机,也有别的canopy甚至夏季才伸展叶子
5. Antlers in Deer and Other Cervids
鹿角的用途
鹿角是用来做什么的,有5个假说,前四个都被否定了,包括为了散热、对抗predator、吸引异性mating还有象征地位,第五个假说比较可信,是因为polygamous的mate-mate combat才进化出来的。
6.  恐龙是恒温动物还是冷血动物
恐龙大部分都是后腿比前腿有力且长,除了一个叫bra的恐龙。大部分都能做到用尾巴作为第三条腿,除了bra,因为bra想这样的话需要有很大的心脏供血,否则就会晕倒。然后讲了恐龙的中空的身体结构,可以直接吸收氧气然后从肺部呼出,不用先吸氧到肺再呼出,和鸟类似。
7.  蚂蚁社群
蚂蚁内部的分工使得一部分蚂蚁寿命短,一部分负责延续后代的寿命长。一些蚂蚁负责找食物,一些负责守卫colony。一些蚂蚁会在一些树附近组成一个栖息地,虽然他们在昆虫里是minority,但是还是很有主导地位的
8.Agriculture in Colonial New England
殖民地时期新英格兰地区的农业
9.Electric Lighting and American Homes
美国电力的发展对房屋设计与居民生活的影响
家里通电之后的一些变化,Electric Lightening and the American Home。电引起的改变,包括房屋装修风格变化,人们的阅读时间增加。
10. Surviving in the Desert
11. The Advantages of Eusociality in Animals
动物中的社交
群居是无脊椎动物进化的伟大壮举之一,但只有很少的群居动物具备社会性,有脊椎动物也是一样。社会性有一定的好处,比如抵抗外敌,建设栖息地,为生存带来便利等。与此同时也意味着群体要付出一定的代价,其中最明显的就是同一栖息地内部同物种之间的竞争,但是更大的回报在于狩猎与防御时的合作性。
12. Consolidated Industry in the United States
美国产业的兼并
13. reindeer 
反映气候变化
14.  蜜蜂传粉
蜜蜂其实不是最优的传粉媒介:气候不好不出门,口器不够长,不能进行buzz传粉方式,另一种蜜蜂传粉更有效,但农民并没有及时意识到。
15.  公司并购
垂直并购与水平并购,以洛克菲勒为例,从pool arrangement到trust,然后新泽西通过了某个法案,结果能光明正大的并购了
Conversation
1. 野餐东西损坏,找管理员反映情况,询问保修进度
2.  一个大学club
3. 自己的社团想要在学生中心展示,问申请流程
4. 讨论论文下一篇的主题。学生写了一个drama的大作业,想下一次继续研究,老师鼓励他选别的poem写,这节课不需要深入讨论,他如果有兴趣可以去选别的关于这个的课
Lecture
1. 艺术史,日本人画wood curving picture, 传到法国,法国有个人画石板画很厉害,他很喜欢日本的木头画,模仿那种风格。(屏幕上显示了一幅画),风格大概就是不对称,颜色比较plain
2. 植物学
3. 人类学两种文化
4. 日本雕刻
5. 讲一个美术家的绘画风格
6. hiphop的起源
7. 大多数动物在逃跑的时候都会悄悄地走,但是有些lizard喜欢弄出很多noise,学生问是不是因为那些在dry leaves
8. [Music Appreciation] 音乐不仅会引起大脑中一种皮层的活跃,vision cortex也会被刺激 很久以前就有乐器了,有一种flute在德国被发现,音乐对ancient people的作用:connect people,celebration of a successful hunting
Task 1
你选择什么样的期末考试,三选一:
1. research paper
2. oral exam
3. paper examination
Task 2
$5000奖学金应该给students with high academic performance还是syudents need financial aids
Task 3
学生建议学校请学生teach students in exercise classes such as yoga...
1. 学生可以赚extra money
2. improve class attendance rate因为有更多同学选修朋友教的课
听力Rebut : 
1. 学生要花很多钱get certified
2. 学生经验太少,如果教的不好同学会觉得是浪费时间,就不选这些课了
Task 4
signature call
一些动物个体天生就会使用一些技能与同伴交流,教授用dolphin举例,海豚妈妈在照看小海豚时,如果小海豚走远了或者妈妈去找食物,就用whistle来寻找孩子,同时它的孩子也会回应妈妈,妈妈学会了孩子的whistle不断接近孩子,最终找到孩子
Task 5
大一学生需要写一篇英语课的paper,两个选择
1. 在学校写,但是她从开学以后就没回家,她父母想她了
2. 带书回家写,但她有年幼的弟弟妹妹,可能会打扰她
Task 6
presentation pricing是指商家定价较低以吸引消费者,有两个不利因素
1. 定价较低让消费者觉得商品是赶工的或者质量不好,用vacuum cleaner举例,他们觉得便宜的吸尘器吸不到dust
2. 如果商品一开始定价较低,消费者使用感又很好,随着销路变好,商品一涨价就会遭到抱怨,用shampoo举例
综合写作 
 入侵海星以及怎么防治 
阅读:
防治外来海星生物入侵的举措:
1、使用只杀海星的化学药剂
2、用寄生虫
3、在海水中加入化学物质,海星会被船的管道泵入而传播到其他地方
听力反驳:
(1)化学物质会杀死本地海星。
destroy the native ecosystem and the native sea stars, those sea stars will go to the sea floor and also die.
(2)寄生虫对雄海星无效
could not destroy completely and lead to more sea stars to be fertilized-20milion eggs per female.
(3)有多种方法供海星传播。
those water is the only way for sea stars to transport from one place to another eg-small ship with the equipment which can stick the objects-let the sea water  moves to other place no matter it is ballast water or not.
独立写作
教育类
 重复了 2013.6.14  北美的题目 
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The  most  important goal of education is to teach people how to educate themselves.
解析:题目里面有绝对词most大家一定要小心,这是最容易拿到limited等级的类型。如果要写不同意选择写更好的方法的话有被判定偏题的风险拿到limited(因为你一直讲更好的方法,不讨论题目希望你讨论的关键词),建议保险起见写agree。
文 I 朗阁小管家

托福考试会不会考到原题

会。

综合写作重复2017年6月3日原题。

2.阅读考了以下原题文章:

A.Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation(重复17年3月25真题,2014-05-24大陆真题)

B.The Role of Diapause(重复20150111考题)

C.美索不达米亚和埃及的定居模式(2017.03.04/ 2017.07.02/ 2017.11.18考试原题)

托福考试都会在旧题库中抽取一部分同时加入一部分新题组成新的托福考试试题。至于新旧题的比例,可以参考托福新题日,旧题我们是可以通过看靠前预测机经来掌握的,新题就只有靠平时自己累积的托福基础能力了。 tpo是托福考过的真题,是非常有用的练习材料,因为都是以往考过的题目,感觉简单也很正常。

求托福tpo62真题

托福TPO62听力的原题与答案:
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening L4
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening L3
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening L2
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening L1
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening C2
托福TPO62听力原文+题目+答案解析:Listening C1
托福TPO62听力答案
L4:C B D C BC
L3:C B B B A C
L2:B CD D A C D
L1:BC C A CD C
C2:B BD ABAAAB A D C
C1:C AC BD A C D

老托福语法原题,请大家帮忙解答,谢谢

1 excavated--to excavate
这里应该是用不定式作状语。
2 entirely-entire
这里surface是名词,应该用形容词修饰名词,所以改成entire "整个的".
3 is comparing-is compared
这里主语The planet Venus与地球相比较,是被动关系。

7.14托福原题剖析,终于知道为什么没考好了

不会考到····虽然TPO和OG里面的都是真题···但这些题目在你考试时是不会出现的···不过可能有时候考试会碰到阅读或听力谈论的话题和TPO或OG上的文章重复了····但不可能考的完全相同···TPO是TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE的简称···这些只是ETS官方出的给你练习的题目···并不是考试时的题目···但难度和题目类型是最接近考试时的真题的

托福独立口语机经原题的概率大吗

托福独立口语机经原题的概率是很高的,因为ETS(Educational Testing Service)每年都会更新机经,所以考生可以根据机经准备口语考试。ETS会把机经中的题目放到考试中,所以考生可以根据机经准备口语考试。机经的准确性很高,但是也有一些变化,比如ETS会把机经中的题目改变一些,比如把一些细节改变,或者把一些题目换成另一种形式。所以考生们在准备口语考试的时候,要结合机经和实际考试的题目,做到有备无患。

tpo和托福考试哪个难

很多同学报名托福考试后,都会找tpo试题来做,但很多都不知道tpo和托福原题的难度相差如何。下面就来说说tpo和托福考试哪个难,一起来看看吧!
有许多学生抱怨考试的听力问题比TPO难,那么真实情况是什么呢?
TPO的全称是TOEFL Practice Online。考生可以在考试前使用它了解真实题型,熟悉考试环境和操作,测试自己的真实水平。
根据ETS官方介绍,TPO的试题来自过去托福考试的真实试题。
确切地说,TPO难度是托福听力试题的实际难度。然而,这么多套TPO试题的难度是波动的,就像过去一年的试题一样,总会有一些难度波动,但都在合理的范围内。
那么,为什么很多人认为托福考试更难呢?主要原因如下:
第一#,对困难程度的感知是主观的,每个人的感觉都不一样,所以单独的感知是不可靠的。
第二,我们在考试时比较紧张,经过连续的阅读和听力测试,疲劳的感觉非常强烈,疲劳会增强对难度的感知。
第三,在托福考试中很多考生听力水平处于低水平,这一水平不能合理地判断出一套真题的难度,所以考试后的陈述不是很可信。
第四,我们也不得不承认,在托福考试中会偶尔出现口音或语速较快的现象。但是那些认真对待托福考试的人也会发现,托福考试并不全是美国的口音。
而且ETS明确表示,包括英国口音在内的其他口音也会出现在托福考试中。然而,美国口音仍然是托福中最常见的口音。
综上所述,其实tpo和托福考试的原题难度相差不大,基本保持在同一水平线。

托福阅读TPO13(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TypesofSocialGroups

为了帮助大家备考托福阅读,提高成绩,下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO13(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Types of Social Groups,希望大家喜欢!

托福阅读原文

Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction—and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.

People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.

Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society. Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for social life. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.

Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is.

Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from our behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

托福阅读试题

1.The word “complex”(Paragraph 1)in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.delicate

B.elaborate

C.private

D.common

2.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship?

A. It is a structure of associations with many people.

B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction.

C. It places great demands on people.

D. It develops gradually overtime.

3.The word endowing in the passage(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to

A.leaving

B.exposing

C. providing

D. understanding

4.Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2?

A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate.

B.Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties.

C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance.

D.Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant.

5.According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups?

A.Primary groups consist of people working together, while secondary groups exist outside of work settings.

B. In primary groups people are seen as means, while in secondary groups people are seen as ends.

C. Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose.

D.Primary groups are generally small, while secondary groups often contain more than two people.

6.Which of the following can be inferred from the author's claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?

A.Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.

B.A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.

C.Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.

D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.

7.The phrase “size up” in the passage(Paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to

A.enlarge

B.evaluate

C. impress

D. accept

8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence(Paragraph 5)in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the larger society.

B.Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.

C.Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society's cultural patterns.

D.Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.

9.This passage is developed primarily by

A.drawing comparisons between theory and practice

B.presenting two opposing theories

C.defining important concepts and providing examples of them

D.discussing causes and their effects

10.The word “deviate” in the passage(Paragraph 7)is closest in meaning to

A.detract

B.advance

C.select

D.depart

11.According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?

A.To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group

B.To discourage offending individuals from remaining in the group

C.To commend and reward the behavior of the other members of the group

D.To decide which behavioral norms should be passed on to the next generation

12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. People who do not live alone, for example, tend to make healthier life choices and develop fewer pathologies than people who live by themselves. Where would the sentence best fit?

Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet most of our personal needs. ■【A】Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an overall sense of well-being. ■【B】Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary ties has implications for the group's functioning. ■【C】For example, the stronger the primary group ties of a sports team playing together, the better their record is. ■【D】

13.Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.

A.Developing socially acceptable behavior

B. Working together against competitors

C.Experiencing pressure from outside forces

D.Viewing people as a means to an end

E.Existing for practical purposes

F.Providing meaning for life situations

G.Involving close relationships

1 )

Primary Groups

A B C D E F G

2 )

Secondary Groups

A B C D E F G

托福 阅读答案

1.complex复杂的,所以B的elaborate正确。原句说生活把我们放在什么样的与其他人的关系网中,因为很多人,所以关系网比较复杂正确。A的delicate脆弱的,纤细的,美味的;C的私人和D的普通都不靠谱

2.以relationship做关键词定位至最后一句,注意relationships不能做关键词,因为多次重复出现。原句说当这种association持续的时间足够长以至于两个人之间已经形成了稳定的expectation,就叫relationship,所以D说随时间develop正确。A的many people,B的study,C的demand都没说

3.endow赋予,捐助,所以provide提供,供给正确。原句说有时候我们与其他人合作只是做完某事,却没有任何significance,猜到这个词应该是有的意思,只有provide和leave表示有,但leave是剩下,所以不对。至于B暴露D理解完全不对

4.以competitor做关键词定位至倒数第二句,说偶尔这意味着与竞争对手合作而非竞争,而这个this意味着这句话跟前一句有联系。前一句说instrumental ties是我们在与别人合作达到某种目的的时候形成的,这与A说的通常不合作的人也有形成instrumental完全一样。B没说,C与原文的第三句说反,D与原文最后一句说反

5.分别以primary group和secondary group做关键词定位至第二句和第四句,分别说了两个group,primary的是比较亲密的,secondary是因为事先某种共同的目的才形成的,所以答案是C。A错,不是用work来区分这两个group的;两者同样不是以人数区分的,所以D错;C的end不end是原文在后面才说的,也不能区分这两个group

6.以evolve out of做关键词定位至倒数第三句,但这句话跟问题几乎是完全一样的,所以不是答案。往后看,this标示着上下句之间有联系。下句说这种evolve发生在工作背景下,接着说同事之间可以通过share各种东西变成非常亲密的朋友,也就是secondary变primary 的一个例子,所以正确答案是D。A说反;B和C均没说而且C有违常识

7.size up估量,估计,所以正确答案是B的evaluate。原句说面对面交流使得我们能够怎么样别人,评价别人是正确的。A的扩大别人明显是不对的。原文没说接受别人,也没说给别人留下印象,所以都不对

8.原文的结构是sociologist把primary group看成blabla,因为blabla。只有C表达了原因,A缺了原文的很多信息,错;B和D都缺失了原文很重要的because部分,所以都是错的

9.问本文的组织结构,问全文的题应该多关注各段的开头。原文首先提出了两个关系,然后又说expressive tie和instrumental tie,最后又说了primary group产生的条件。叙述两类关系用的笔墨明显不等,所以不是对比,所以B不对,A的理论和实践原文完全没说,而且也说到了对比,也不对;D的因果是原文完全没说的。作者定义了两个group和两个tie,所以C说定义概念是对的,而且作者在定义概念之后都有解释,所以C正确

10.deviate偏离,出轨,所以正确答案是D的depart偏离。原句说一旦奖励不行,group的成员可以威胁排斥那些怎么样规则的人,肯定是对规则不好的人,所以advance和中性的select不对;detract表示减损或者转移,跟depart所表示的离经叛道是两个意思,所以不对

11.以shunning做关键词定位至第四句,说人们会用shunning吧离经叛道的人弄回来,但没给出原因。这句中的for example说明是上句的例子,前面一句说如果奖励不行,我们就排斥那些不守规矩的人,所以一切都是为了强化规则,答案是A。B说不鼓励冒犯group当中的人,原文没说冒犯人;C的reward和D的next generation都没说

12.两个过渡点,分别是连词for example和名词healthier life choices,根据for example排除C和D,因为原文也有for example,而正常说话的时候两个for example是不连续使用的;而且根据healthier life choices跟原文中sense of well-being的同义替换也可以确定是A或者B,但A点后的them与前文衔接紧密,所以答案是B

13.此题不典型,因为作者用了 文章 的第四到七段较大篇幅讲primary,却只用了第二和第三段的部分讲到secondary,而且本文对于两个group的叙述存在交叉,交叉的部分主要在第二三两段,但这两段的叙述也是先primary后secondary,所以顺序性还是有的。第三段的四五两句分别对应existing和viewing两个答案,所以这两个答案属于secondary;第二段和第三段的第三句对应providing答案,第三段第二句对应involving答案,最后一段的第三句和第四句对应developing选项,结合11题的答案很容易选出这项

托福阅读译文

我们和他人一起生活在一个复杂的关系网中。我们的人性就产生于这种社会性的互动关系中,与此同时,我们的人性也必须通过经常性的社会互动才能得以维持。当两个人在比较稳定的期望值下的交流时间足够长并且形成一种联系时,这种联系就可以称为关系。

人与人之间的关系可以分为两种:情感纽带和工具纽带。情感纽带是当我们做情感投资并致力于他人的一种社会关系。通过和对我们来说十分重要的人交流从而得到安全感、爱情、认同、友谊以及个人价值等一系列情感。工具纽带是我们为达到某种目的而与他人进行合作时产生的社会联系方式。有些时候,这也许意味着变相与竞争者共事。更多的时候我们没有发展出任何更有意义的关系而只是简单的与他人合作达成目的。

社会学家基于情感纽带与工具纽带区别,将社会群体划分成两类:主要群体和次要群体。一个主要群体包含两个以上成员,他们彼此之间的关系是直接的,亲密的,聚合性的。情感纽带在主要社群中起主导作用,我们把人们自身看做目标和人们自己权利的价值。次要群体也是由两个以上成员组成,他们因非个人关系聚到一起都是为了一个特定的,实际的目标而努力。工具纽带在次要群体中起了重要的作用。我们把人自身看做是人目标的途径而不是人们自己权利的目标。有时主要群体的关系也会在次要群体中演化而来。这种现象在工作环境中时有发生。工作伙伴在共事过程中会彼此分享抱怨、玩笑、八卦以及满足感,由此也会发展出亲近的关系。

很多情况也会增加主要群体出现的可能性。首先,群体的规模非常重要。我们很难去了解那些散布在大群体中的某个人。而在小群体中我们有更多机会发起联系并与他人建立关系。第二,面对面的交流能让我们更好地了解彼此。与他人近距离接触和交谈可以更好地交流情感和思想。第三,频繁持续的交流也能增加我们发展主要群体的可能性。我们与他人的联系会随着我们与他人的互动时间而加深,并逐渐演化出连锁的习惯和兴趣。

主要群体是人与人之间乃至整个社会的基础。首先,主要群体在社会化进程中至关重要。在主要群体里,婴儿与孩童可以学习处世方式。这种群体是我们社会生活必备规范和价值的培养地。社会学家将主要群体比作独立个体与整个社会之间的桥梁,因为它能传达,调解并解读一个社会的 文化 模式,提供一种归属感有助于社会团结。

其次,主要群体之所以是基础是因为它能提供满足我们大多数人需求的环境。在主要群体中,我们可以收获友情、爱情、安全感以及所有幸福的情感。社会学家发现一个群体的主要纽带的强弱往往暗示着这个群体的功能,这不足为奇。例如,一个体育团队的主要群体纽带越强,他们就越容易取得好成绩。

第三,主要群体之所以是基础还因为他们充当了强有力的社会调控工具。群体中的成员掌控并分配能够维持我们生存的极其重要的资源。如果奖励方式不当,群体内成员就会通过拒绝或威胁来摒弃那些背离群体规范的人,例如,一些社会群体采取规避 措施 (人可以留在群体中,但禁止其他成员与其交流),从而将特定群体中逾矩的个体慢慢同化与他人一致。更重要的是,主要群体通过构筑我们的 经验 来定义社会现实。他们根据我们的行为来定义我们的处境,以遵循群体分配的意义。因此,主要群体既是社会规范的载体同时也是社会规范的实施者。

托福作文题目

. Some people think that parents should plan their children's leisure time carefully. Other people believe? that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time, Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choice.
2. People should be realistic rather than romantic in order to live a better life. Do you agree or disagree? with the statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
3. People should never be satisfied with what they have, they should always want something new or? something different Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons for your choice.
4. Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think? that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to) support your position.
TOEFL(The Test of English as a Foreign Language,简称TOEFL),是由美国教育测验服务社(ETS)举办的英语能力考试,全名为“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”,中文音译为“托福”。TOEFL有三种,分别是:纸考、机考和网考,新托福满分是120分。托福复习主要资料为托福机经(又称民间托福答案题库)。TOEFL考试的有效期为两年(从考试日期开始计算);例如:2003年1月18日参加考试,这次考试成绩的有效期是从2003年1月18日到2005年1月18日。2014年4月5日,英国内政部与美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)合约到期后,不再续约,而英国大学也不将承认其机构下托福和托业的英语语言成绩。
TOEFL,Test of English as a Foreign Language,由美国教育测验服务社( ETS, Educational Testing Service)在全世界举办,是一种针对母语非英语的人进行的英语水平的考试。TOEFL是出国留学(美国、加拿大)的必备考试成绩,美国和加拿大已有超过2400所大学和学院承认这项考试成绩,规定了申请者的最低TOEFL录取分数线。TOEFL成绩与奖学金的成功率是相关的。
TOEFL
国外许多政府部门,私人或机构奖学金计划,执照证明机构等也是依据TOEFL成绩来评审接受人的英文程度。在中国,TOEFL亦是英语水平的一种证明,有一些单位(特别是三资企业)采用它衡量应聘者的英语水平。从一九九八年七月起,托福考试在许多国家从传统的纸笔方式转变成电脑方式。但亚洲一些国家,如中国大陆、台湾和香港澳门地区等仍采用原来传统的纸笔方式,暂时不作改变。预计2002年下半年实现计算机化考试。
纸笔考试是由正确答案的数量总和来决定成绩总分,而不管问题的难易。电脑考试则不同,它根据回答问题的质量来给出下一个问题,如果考生回答得正确,电脑将提高问题的难度;如果考生回答错误,电脑将降低问题难度。因此成绩是由正确答案的难度来决定得分,而不是由正确答案的数量。电脑考试的写作一项,考生可以选择打字或书写。 电脑考试的费用:美国及其属地和加拿大为USD,所有其它国家为USD。

托福TPO刷题需要按照顺序吗

托福TPO刷题需要按照顺序吗?要看你属于什么阶段吧,如果是备考阶段,我觉得顺序不顺序其实没多大关系,等到冲刺阶段的时候,建议严格按照考试时间和流程刷TPO,这样可以在考试的时候养成一个好习惯。对此有以下建议,希望可以帮到你:
一.阅读和听力刷题的正确方法
首先考生在拿到TPO材料时,就要知道“五篇走一遍,不如一篇走五遍”,TPO练习在于精而不在于多,精做才能做出托福真题里的套路,才能抓住出题及答题的精髓。首先考生在分析托福阅读和听力当中的错题和选项时,要按照这个步骤走:当考生对完答案后,定位错题,随后回归原文,找到题目当中所涉及的原文位置,去对比自己解题的重点和真正答案的重点是否一致,并且考生要学会记录自己的错题,可以有一个专门的TPO错题本,当考生做完一定的量后,便能发现自己对哪一类的题型或话题比较薄弱,就可以进行针对性的练习了。
当考生分析完错题后,还要学会精读/精听TPO的文章,了解全文的大概意思,掌握全文的逻辑结构。其中逻辑结构极为重要,学会对文章结构进行划分,了解句与句和段与段之间的逻辑关系,这是考生们掌握托福阅读的套路最佳方法,也是提升托福阅读能力的必要步骤。
二.口语和写作刷题的正确方法
托福口语和写作的刷题方法与阅读和听力的有所不同,尤其是在独立性的题目的掌握当中,需要做的是范围要更大,覆盖面要更广。换句话说,口语和写作并不需要把TPO当中的每一道题目都分析得特别透彻,只需要把每一道题原原本本的听一遍或者说一遍,了解所有题目所需的解题思路,能列出答题大纲即可。并且口语和写作属于综合性的题目,主要所需的技巧还是听力能力上面的提升,所以考生们在托福写作和口语上主要适当的练习一些题目即可。

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