详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
在托福阅读考试中,有好的训练 方法 和一定量的解题技巧,可以为你的托福阅读得到高分。那具体这些解题技巧和方法我们应该如何应用到平时的练习中去呢?下面我就为大家整理了这些,希望可以帮助到大家,快来一起学习吧。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
1.每一篇 文章 第一次做时,尽量按照考试速度要求做。
2.做完后,接下来就要认真把文章读一遍,划出把文章里不懂的单词和长难句,查出单词意思,(借助语法知识)认真分析长难句,同时还要把错题(包括碰巧猜对的题目)认真分析,特别是OG和汉客笔记的题目(还有北极星最后几套ETS出的题目),一定要把题目涉及的文章内容仔细看,甚至在文章中划出涉及考题的内容,培养对易出题的考点的感觉,甚至揣摩ETS的出题思路。等到这些工作都做完,这篇文章也就基本吃透了,这时再重新把文章读一遍,最好多读两遍。这个过程其实就是精读了。只要时间允许,做过一次的阅读文章最好都尽量精读,吃透它。光作对题只是一个浅显的要求,就像只顾吃饭,对材料认真分析、精读才是真正消化吸收。
3.等过了三五天,或者两三周以后,有空的话再把这篇文章看(做)一遍,作为巩固,复习,而且有时还会温故知新。
P.S 如果时间不足,OG的文章是一定要精读的,而且题目也要仔细研究,这是出题思路和考试最为接近的资料。这些原则在新托福阅读其实也是同样适用的,只要文章中出现如下内容,都要引起注意:举例证明,罗列式例举,转折(否定),因果,下定义,比较级(最高级),同位语(插入语),数字年代,特殊标点(引号,破折号等)。
阅读具体的做题顺序
阅读最基本的做题顺序有两种:先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题
它们又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序:读一段文章,做相应的题目,然后再读一段,再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题
对于广大非牛来说,可能“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”会比较合适,读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构,做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收,从而不利于做 总结 题,也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。而新托福目前反馈大都是顺序出题的,所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目,再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢,可以对文章有全面的把握,虽然总量上还是要读完全文,但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。
托福阅读题型破解
阅读一般来说是中国人的强项了,也是拿分的主力。如果你口语不牛,作文 一般,还想考到100分,那么阅读应该保证在28分以上。(我认为对于多数人来说,要达到一百分,28,26,22,24这个结构是比较容易达到的。)
在IBT阅读中,甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中,如果要用一个词来概括的话,那就是paraphrase,意译。无论是题干还是正确选项,大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过 同义词 来完成的。即题干中多用 近义词 来对原文中的 句子 进行替换,来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译,是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个,都有着重要的作用。在后面的文章里我会结合实例解释这一点。
关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。在此问题上我与有的朋友也有过争执。我个人习惯是先用5—7分钟的时间通读全文,然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上,每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文,每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样准确率比较高。但有的朋友本着居家过日子的心,认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题,必然有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文就会浪费掉一些时间,不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。对此我不好妄加评论。每个人都应该通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。
关于复习的时间安排。我认为,弄完词汇以后,就应该着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题犹如英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的情况了。但也不能太急功近利,单词没弄好就硬上阅读,有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击,也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以开始下面的复习了。复习听力口语作文的日子里,每天一定要最少做3篇文章的题量,按照考试的时间要求,千万不可放松。做得多了,就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的阅读文章能教给我们各种学科的基础知识。(这与GRE有区别。托福的专业性文章还都处于一个启蒙的专业水平上,不像G那么变)阅读还可以教给我们一些老美的思路,老美看待问题的方式。阅读不会像你想象的那样痛苦的。
无论是OG还是Delta,都把阅读的题目分成十类,即:Understanding Facts and Details, IdentifyingNegative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences,Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence(Sentence inserting), Summarizing important Ideas and Organizing information. 我将按顺序一一解释。
还有很重要的一点,做题的时候,无论考试还是练习,不光要分析对的选项为什么对,更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路,培养感觉。这是非常有用的。
托福阅读词汇实践出高分
有些人在复习托福阅读一开始就抱着词汇书背,我认为那样做背起来特别容易忘,而且还到实际中还不知道怎么用。其实不妨这样做,那一开始就做真题,就像摸考一样,然后在对答案的时候,遇到的不懂得单词,再看那些跟着每一套阅读真题的单词(有一些书就是跟着每套题的单词,全篇翻译都有的),这时候再背单词,做一套,背一套,大概这样做上4、5套题,你的感觉就是,大体主要的单词也就是这些了,那你就提高到一个境界了。
而且复习托福阅读真题让你对真题书而有熟,是一举几得的事。我就是这么做的,是清华的一个家伙介绍给我的,真是不错,现在大概复习有1个多月了,错题数能控制在2个以内。当然另外,还要注意一点,那就是一个阅读的方法问题,我也想说一下,希望对大家有用。
托福阅读备考的方法
其实 快速阅读 的技巧在掌握文章的思路,使整篇文章的段落层次,清晰在大脑中展现。
在读第一段时,特别是第一句,往往给我们一个大致的思路,文章的论题是什么,作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句,然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么,这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段,又讲了什么,这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来,每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么,主题又是什么?这样,在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图,在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
在回答问题前,花几秒钟总结一下文章大意,它的思路和主题。
再次提醒,TOEFL考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实,你也没有那么多时间)。相反,你应该只读文章段落的第1句,而快速浏览其余部分。当你"读"完这篇文章时,你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
答题。根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完,你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰,做题的时候,就可以很快找到出题点,而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出,主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以,大家不妨试试,就会明白了。
需要注意的是,复习的时候,一定要看原文章,将文章通读,遇到忘了的单词,在重新回来查书上的解释,然后再背。这样背过的单词就不再是一个个孤立的单 词,而且也省去了枯燥背单词的时间,更主要的是,这样背过的单词,你会对这个词的用法很熟悉,不容易忘,或者就像有些人所说的,明明在单词表里觉得挺熟的 词,到了真正的阅读中,又会觉得很生疏,或者不能立刻反映出它的意思了。
托福阅读备考时大家要在做托福阅读真题的同时理解背诵单词,这样才能进一步加强托福阅读学习的质量,希望对大家有帮助。
托福阅读真题1
Glass fibers have a long history. The Egyptians made coarse fibers by 1600 B.C., and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 B.C. During the Renaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glass fibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels. However, glassmakers guarded their secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century.
The eighteenth century brought the invention of spun glass fibers. R é ne-Antoine de R é a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibers by rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.
By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yarn reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, making decorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of little practical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silk and could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glass looked golden.
Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed. In the modern manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.
1. Which of the following aspects of glass fiber does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The major developments in its production
(B) Its relationship with pottery making
(C) important inventors in its long history
(D) The variety of its uses in modern industry
2. The word coarse in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) decorative
(B) natural
(C) crude
(D) weak
3. Why was there nothing written about the making of Renaissance glass fibers until the seventeenth century?
(A) Glassmakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make.
(B) Glassmakers did not want to reveal the methods they used.
(C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers.
(D) Production methods had been well known for a long time.
4. According to the passage , using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pull fibers from molten
glass made the fibers
(A) quicker to cool
(B) harder to bend
(C) shorter and more easily broken
(D) longer and more durable
5. The phrase this material in line 16 refers to
(A) glass fibers
(B) decorations
(C) ornaments
(D) novelties for collectors
6. The word brittle in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) easily broken
(B) roughly made
(C) hairy
(D) shiny
7. The production of glass fibers was improved in the nineteenth century by which of the
following
(A) Adding silver to the molten glass
(B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes
(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers
(D) Using yarn reels
8. The word appreciated in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) experienced
(B) recognized
(C) explored
(D) increased
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) invention (line 7)
(B) circumference (line 17)
(C) manufacturing process (line 24)
(D) bushing (line 25)
PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD
托福阅读真题2
Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varèse(1 883-1965) called thus the liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds. Electronic music, for example — made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments — may include sounds that in the past would not have been considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music — tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas—are widely used.
In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of microtones. Non-western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters — closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well. Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.
Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music
(B) How sounds are produced electronically
(C) How standard musical notation has been adapted for nontraditional sounds
(D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound
2. The word wider in one 1 is closest in meaning to more impressive
(A) more distinctive
(B) more controversial
(C) more extensive
(D) more impressive
3. The passage suggests that Edgard Var è se is an example of a composer who
(A) criticized electronic music as too noiselike
(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music
(C) believed that any sound could be used in music
(D) wrote music with environmental themes
4. The word it in line 12 refers to
(A) piano
(B) string
(C) blade
(D) music
5. According to the passage , which of the following types of instruments has played a role in
much of the innovation in western music?
(A) string
(B) percussion
(C) woodwind
(D) brass
6. The word thereby in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) in return for
(B) in spite of
(C) by the way
(D) by that means
7. According to the passage , Krzysztof Penderecki is known for which of the following practices?
(A) Using tones that are clumped together
(B) Combining traditional and nontradinonal instruments
(C) Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium
(D) Playing Western music for non-Western audiences
8. According to the passage , which of the following would be considered traditional elements of
Western music?
(A) microtones
(B) tom-toms and bongos
(C) pianos
(D) hisses
9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to
(A) chart the history of innovation in musical notation
(B) explain the logic of standard musical notation
(C) design and develop electronic instruments
(D) indicate how particular sounds should be produced
PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD
2021年4月24日托福阅读考试真题回顾
托福考试是申请出国留学的一道门槛,对于正在备考托福的同学来说,比较有效的方法就是练习真题,整理了4月24日托福阅读考试真题,来看看吧!
2021年4月24日托福阅读考试真题
1. coral reef。
2. 欧洲的文化运动。
3. China ancient art 中国艺术品:瓷器、翡翠、丝绸、书法等。
4. 人类最早开始种植和畜牧的研究。
5. 人工降雨的历史。
6. 尼罗河影响农业。
7. 生物的起源。
8. 太平洋岛上发现了蜥蜴。
托福阅读考试出题点
时间和数字(number)
一般来说,出现时间概念的文章(essay)或段落通常和时间顺序(order)有关,作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索(clue)。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的(ignored),因此,除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象(phenomenon),考生都需要把数字记录(record)下来。
主题段和主题句的关键词(key words)
TOEFL文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的,因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时,文章中有很多的重要信息(information)也会包含在这部分内容中。
人名、地名和专有名词(proper noun)
这些概念在文章中出现的时候,一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记(sign),非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外,当提到这几个具体的概念时(concept),文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点(opinion),因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。
举例主体
有的时候,为了说明某些理论和观点,文章中会出现大段的举例文字。
实际上(in fact),TOEFL考试中考查这些例子具体内容(specific content)的时候非常少,而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因(reason)或它们所证明的观点。因此,考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了,至于例子中所阐述的具体信息,可以适当忽略(omit)。
新概念和局部核心概念
所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时,之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现(appearance),意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题,所以,新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念,对于这种概念来说,无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意(pay attention to),因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的(emphasized)。
重要的逻辑关系(relation)
很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容,但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系,因而对信息关联理解不准确(incorrect),这也是一种严重的错误(mistake)。因此,在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免(avoid)考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。
托福阅读考试文章类型
托福阅读的3或5篇700单词左右的文章全都节选自高校本科水平的教材,通常为针对某一学术领域的介绍。一般不做任何修改,从而能够更好地被用于评估考生在学术英语氛围下的阅读能力,因而所涉及的词汇量相对较大,但对于一些专业性较强的词汇仍会给出注释。主题广泛,但并不要求考生对其非常熟悉,这是由于所有被考察的信息都包括在文章之中。
文体一般可分为说明(exposition)、议论(argumentation)和史实(historical)三类,而架构则常常会表现为分类(classification)、比较(comparison/contrast)、因果(cause/effect)、解疑(problem/solution)四种之一。由于每篇托福考试阅读文章所对应的题型都至少会包含一道涉及对文章总体架构把握的多分值问题,上述文体方面的信息需要引起考生备考期间的充分注意。
托福阅读考试技巧
抓关键词,准确定位
考生在做题过程中,要熟练掌握根据关键词进行定位的技巧,这一技巧可以帮助大家加快解题速度,提高正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对文章细节的理解,答案基本上都能在文章中找到。
拿到一个题目,我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词,比如专有名词、数字、符号等,然后根据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候文章中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词,但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。
善于使用排除法
托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多,但都是干扰项,如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向,如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反,就可以直接排除,然后再对模糊选项进行确认,这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般情况下,排除法是比较容易培养的套路,考生要善于使用这一技巧提高答题速度。
掌握句子顺序上的变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同,甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到,甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息,这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
查找同义词、近义词、相关词
在托福阅读考试中,能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。 1.词形完全相同; 2.词义相同,即同义词 ;3.词义相近,但并非同义 ;4.词义相关。上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中,种当然容易辩认,第二种同义词也相 对不难,但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认,所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关,则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
猜读词义
托福阅读考试没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难,则不必理会它的词义,但所碰到的词使你在理解全文,甚至回答问题时出现困难,则要设法去猜测其词义。 猜测词义要从两方面着手:根据其所在句子的上下文,及前后的词语,探其究竟。
长句短读
长句短读:即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子,还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子,以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳,找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对托福阅读考试的帮助极大,考生应在平时勤加练习。
求slep第六套真题的答案!!听力答案和阅读答案!一定要是真题的答案 有的帮忙
领驭国际slep考试中心提供
SLEP是中学英文程度测验(Secondary Level English Proficiency Test)的缩写。由托福考试的主办机构——位于美国新泽西州普林斯顿市的教育测验服务中心ETS(Educational Testing Service)主持,SLEP在国内也被称为“小托福”考试。此考试是为以英语作为第二语言的国际学生欲进入美国高中就读而设立的一个英文水平测试,旨在检测学生对英语的了解程度。
SLEP满分为67分。 SLEP 测验分为两个部分,第一部分:听力,有74道题,该部分满分是32分;另一部分语法及阅读,有71道题,该部分满分是35分; SLEP测验之基本分数为20分,满分为67分。
新托福考试阅读部分特点详细解读
“方便”语出《法华经·方便品》:“吾从成佛以来,种种因缘、种种譬喻,广演言教,无数方便,引导众生令离所执。”本文这里的所谓方便,理正为方,言巧称便,就是根据形势的变化(这里主要指针对新托福考试的变化),选择随机应变的教化机智,即学习方法。新托福考试将于2006年8月在中国大陆地区推出。这一消息牵动着千万考生的心。许多考生对于新托福考试的形式感到十分的陌生,由此也对新托福考试产生了相当的恐惧心理。本文将深度剖析新托福考试中阅读部分的特点,目的在于一方面帮助考生全面而深刻地了解新托福阅读部分的考试特点,另一方面帮助考生透彻地分析新托福阅读部分考试的规律。
一、新托福考试阅读部分的六大变化
1. 新托福考试阅读部分中的四个主要按键及功能
在新托福考试阅读部分,阅读文章出现在电脑屏幕的右边(这和GRE机考形式恰好相反,因为在GRE机考阅读部分,阅读文章出现在电脑屏幕的左边),而相应的题目出现在电脑屏幕的左边。因为文章很长,所以需要借助于滚动条的滚动,才能看到全文。在阅读部分,考生可以通过点击Next button向前浏览所有的问题,也可以通过点击Back button回视前面的问题,并返回到文章的最开头。托福阅读部分还拥有一个review功能的按键,通过点击Review button考生将会在Review Screen看到所有的问题,和看到这些问题的状态---answered, not answered, not yet seen。最后,新托福的阅读部分还有一个Help button,考生点击这个按键之后,将会得到a list of topics for which helpful explanations are available。
2. 新托福考试阅读部分的文章长度、题目数量及考试时间均有变化
原有形式的托福考试,其阅读部分的时间为55分钟,需要完成5篇文章,每篇文章的长度在350字左右,每篇文章后面的题目数量在10道左右,也就是说题目的总数量为50道。而新托福考试阅读部分的具体安排见下表:
READING SECTION
Reading Text Time Allowed Length of Passage Number of Questions
Passage 1 20 minutes 600-700 words 12-14
Passage 2 20 minutes 600-700 words 12-14
Passage 3 20 minutes 600-700 words 12-14
Passage 4 & 5 20 minutes 600-700 words 12-14 each
需要注意的是:
(1) Passage 4 & 5属于加试部分,即考生在阅读部分所遇到的文章数量可能是3篇,也可能是5篇,那么相应的考试的时间为60分钟和100分钟;
(2) 阅读部分的考试时间是Preset的,即阅读部分考试的总时间是固定不变的,但做每篇文章,做每道题目所花费的时间由考生自己灵活掌握;
(3) 阅读文章明显增长,达到了700字左右。
3. 新托福考试阅读文章中的专业词汇的处理和题目定位的处理均有变化
新托福阅读部分一个非常glossary的特点是:A word in blue in a passage indicates that a definition is available for the word. Clicking on the word brings up this definition。也就是说凡是在阅读文章中所遇到的生僻的专业词汇,都会呈现出蓝色,点击后将会给出这个单词的定义和解释。
新托福阅读部分中所有的关于Language Use的问题都是对文章中的一个单词、一句话或者一个段落所发问的,并且对于此类题目定位处理上的一个最为鲜明的特点是:Whenever a question refers to a particular word or sentence in the passage, the word or sentence is highlighted. You don not need to search for it. Detail questions on TOEFL iBT identify the particular paragraph in which the answer can be found, so you do not need to scan the passage in order to find the location of an answer to a detail question.也就是说新托福考试的阅读不再考察Language Use问题定位的能力。这大大降低了题目本身的难度。
4. 新托福考试阅读部分中的干扰选项(distracter)的设置更为复杂
通过上面的第3点我们已经知道在新托福阅读部分考试中,很多的细节题目不再需要定位了,这就降低了题目本身的难度。ETS为了在题目难度上做一平衡,采取的方法是将干扰选项的设置变得更为复杂,大有向GRE靠拢的趋势,不仅干扰选项增多,干扰性也明显增强了,尤其对于Paraphrasing的题型显得尤为突出。
5. 新托福考试阅读部分的题型形式变化多端,分值也呈现出巨大变化
新托福考试题目的形式变得多样化了,相应题目的分值也出现了巨大变化。我们可以把新托福中的阅读题型分为三种:
(1) Click on One Answer: For this multiple-choice type of question, you will choose the best of four possible answers,此类题目是传统的四选一的题目,其分值为1分;
(2) Add a Sentence: For this type of question, you will click on a square to add a sentence to the passage. 这种插入句子题的文章中有4个“[■]”,然后题目给考生一句话,问考生这句话应该插在文章中哪一个所标“[■]”的地方。一般,题目的提问方式是这样的:Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage,此类题目的分值也为1分;
(3) Drag Answer Choices: 此类题型在做法上的最大特点在于它不是要求点击选项,而是拖拉考生认为正确的选项到相应的表格中。其具体形式又可以分为两大类,而其分值也会随着具体形式的变化而变化:
A. Summarizing the Most important Points题型:
此类题目的提问方式是这样的:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentenced do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage。这类题目主要考查了考生对于重要论据和重要观点的掌握,分值为2分,具体评分规则如下:
Points Possible Answers Correct Points Earned
3 points
3 2
2 1
0--1 0
B. Understanding details as they relate to the main idea (schematic table)题型:
此类题型主要考查了考生对于结构重要信息的掌握,其提问方式是:Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices and match them to the type of ---- that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used。根据answer choices的数量,7个中选5个或者9个中选7个归类,其相应的分值为3分和4分。具体评分规则如下:
Points Possible Answers Correct Points Earned
3 Points
5 3
4 2
3 1
0--2 0
4 Points
7 4
6 3
5 2
4 1
0—3 0
6. 新托福考试阅读部分增加了4种题型
新托福考试阅读部分增加了4种题型,分别是Paraphrasing题型(同义改写题型),Understanding Coherence题型(插入句子题型),Organization Information题型(结构信息表格题型),Summarizing the Most important Points题型(总结重要观点题型)。
二、以一篇文章现场感受新托福阅读考试的特点
将文章发给听众,现场感受一下,新托福的文章的特点
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was one of the most fascinating and gripping phenomena to emerge from the brutal period of American slavery. In fact, it was neither underground nor any kind of railroad, but an intricate, loosely organized, and highly secretive network of people dedicated to helping black slaves escape from bondage in the southern states to freedom in the northern United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Because few of its members dared to keep records of their activities, much of the Railroad’s history has been transmitted orally, or lost. Nevertheless, it is possible to reconstruct a vivid picture of the people involved and the great challenges they faced.
Established as early as the late 16th century, when the first captive laborers were brought to the New World from Africa, the Railroad consisted of an informal arrangement of “stationmasters”—people who provided food and refuge, their “station”—the houses, shops, or barns where they provided shelter, and “conductors”—those who guided escaped slaves along the difficult routes to safety. All kinds of people worked on the Railroad, including preachers, politicians, farmers, storekeepers, former slaves, and even Native American. Most had no knowledge that they worked as part of an organization that reached all across the United States—but they were united by their hatred of the institution of slavery and their desire to help those struggling to escape.
Perhaps the most famous of Railroad workers was Harriet Tubman. Born a slave in Maryland, Tubman escaped through the Railroad at the age of 25, and eventually became a conductor herself. Over a ten—year period, she made nearly 20 trips back into the South to lead to safety many members of her family, and dozens of others besides, perhaps as many as 300 in all.
The conditions faced by runaways were severe. Often forced to travel at night, they would navigate by the North Star. Rivers, swamps, and forests lay in their way. They could carry little food, and depended on stationmasters and conductors to keep them from starvation. Sometimes the lucky ones could travel by wagon, ship, or horse, but most had to go on foot. If they were unable to actually leave the southern states, they might have no choice but to take up residence deep in swamps or in mountainous areas, separated from their families and isolated from the world, or to join communities of Native Americans.
The risks faced by fugitives were formidable Recapture was unthinkable. Escapees would endure terrible punishments, including mutilation or amputation of limbs, harder labor even than before was virtually guaranteed, or sale “down the river”—deeper into the South and even farther from freedom. After the Fugitive Slave Law was passed in 1850, a new class of professional slave—hunters arose, paid handsomely to catch runway slaves and return them to their owners; they could even pursue their quarry into the free northern regions. Young men were the most successful in traveling the Railroad, though sometimes women and children would also manage to escape. Strength and speed were critical. Slaves would occasionally employ disguises, trying to pass themselves as messengers on errands, or even, in the case of the lighter—skinned slaves, as whites. Holidays and weekends were the best times to escape, or any other circumstance that permitted a head start on the authorities.
Activities on the Railroad reached a peak in the last few decades before the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861.The great political tension created by the institution of slavery was already tearing the country apart. Whites in the South generally felt that slavery was an indispensable part of their culture. Their economy certainly depended on it, and moreover, they resented being dictated to from the North and from Washington. Those in the North, on the other hand, could only see the brutality in slavery, and the hypocrisy it meant in a country claiming to be founded on the principle of freedom and equality for all mankind. Though terribly destructive, the Civil War ultimately settled the question, and with the ratification of the 13th amendment to the U.S. Construction on December 18, 1865, it became law what “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude…shall exist in the United States.”
三、结束语
谈到这里,我们已经将新托福考试阅读部分的特点做了详尽地剖析,同时也比较深刻和全面地分析了如何做到substantial understanding的问题,也就是给出了方法论的问题。有了这样的方法论,其余的工作应该是会水到渠成的。最后想用三句话来结束本文,希望这三句话能给在新托福征途上的考生以鼓励和启迪:Nothing more than diligence can predict your success。If you lie upon roses when young, you’ll lie upon thorns when old. With time and patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin.
2021年4月21日托福口语考试真题分析
提升托福口语考试的分数,除了平时的备考之外,还需要了解托福口语考试的题目,为大家带来了2021年4月21日托福口语考试真题,来看看具体的分析吧!
2021年4月21日托福口语考试真题分析
Task1:
Your community has received money from the government to build a building in an open area. Which would you prefer,a company offering more jobs or a park?Use specific examples and details to support your answer.
综合口语
Task2:
阅读:Pro给学生发邮件说下学期用纸质版本,不带电脑原因。
1: 减少看屏幕的时间,可以护眼原因。
2: 不带电脑可以focus on class集中精力。
听力:女生反对
1:大家都知道这个问题,工作一段时间休息一会,每五分钟lookaround。
2:还是要带电脑,因为take note记笔记打字比写字快,还能extract。
Task3:
perceptual resources 可持续能源,太阳能储存在电池里。例子:教授自己的家。
Task4:
老师讲课的方法,先讲概念还是先讲例子,取决于时间和material多少例子是picture of canetoad蝾螈和frog,concept是amphibians。
托福口语解答技巧
托福口语TASK1介绍
第1题为二选一问题,一般会问你A和B那个好?Why?
第1题:题目在一开始就会出现在屏幕上,所以不要理会电脑中读什么,用最快的速度将题目扫一眼 (中间可以挤出30秒的时间准备) 答题时间均为45’。
托福口语TASK2介绍
第2题为校园事件话题,语言不学术,一般为两个人的对话,有习语,听完后会让你重复其中一个人的观点。
70% 两者的观点一致 (In the listening passage,the man expresses his opinion about the Office,he believes that…) 点题句,
30% 两者的观点不一致 (In the listening passage,the man and the woman…)as the reading passage indicates
特例:要你说出相对于listening,reading中哪些没有(In addition to the reading passage,we also find in the listening that…) 这类题要多说些reading部分,大约20~25’。
托福口语TASK3介绍
第3题一般为学术类。Reading & Listening的关系要么是承接要么是驳斥。听完后70% 让你说出一个Lecture中的例子来解释…,即细节解释 (In this lecture,the professor gives two examples to illustrate the principle of…,中间用However,in the reading passage…)。
第2&3题:都有阅读,2题较短,3题较长,都要求45’读完,长度一般为75-120个词 (5-7行)。其中3题的内容较重要,而2题则不重要。答题时间均为1分钟。Take下的Notes里的词最好做同意替换,并且在答题时绝对不能出现如 in the reading passage之类的词。两道题的时间分配大致为:15’说阅读,40’说男女观点,中间用点题句连接。回答应尽可能完整,但也无需面面俱到。
托福口语TASK4介绍
第4题为学术话题,讲一个Lecture,让你重复professor的观点or解释一下理论。(开头句:In the listening passage,the professor introduces…)。
第4题:没有阅读,Listening部分较长,笔记要充分。答题时间为1分钟。
托福口语提分技巧
1.在听力完成后会有5秒倒计时,结束后开始计时10分钟的休息,休息完后让监考输入密码进入口语部分,按完第一个NEXT后别按第二个NEXT,这样中间就有无限的时间听别人答完所有的题。第1题也要做笔记,虽然短而且简单,但这样可以防止到时万一因为某个词而卡住。
2.答题时宁过勿缺,但如果最后差几秒又实在想不出,则可说:That’saboutit (连读) 3’ OR That’s everything I can say about this topic. 5’。
3.有时可用and将两个同义词连接,这样既可强调要表达的意思,又可延长一倍的时间。
4.多用习语,口语词,gonna,wanna,thatal = that will,有的词读的短而快,有些则长而慢,注意语音语调的变换。
5.一开始不要说出绝对数字,而说a few points,这样可以防止说不完。
6.多用被动和升调。
7.因为第1题要求说45’所以用一些opening会使这道题比较稳妥。
8.在有阅读的题目中快速默读,但有不熟的单词要朗读。
9. 2,3题中如果多说阅读中的内容会被减分,不要有什么in the reading passage之类的话。
10.不要喷麦,不要用一些不确定的词如something,someone,(主要是1题,并注意specific),有一些小的语法错误没有关系,发音不好没有关系。
11.阅读和听力可能出现2选1的加试。阅读题是可以来回改的,而听力只可以改最后一个,所以做阅读时应根据篇数来判断听力的篇数,并合理安排时间。
12.阅读和听力要早答,因为如果慢了则会受到别人口语的干扰。而中间休息的时间则应尽可能的延长,因为如果快了则会在写作时受到别人口语部分的影响。故TOEFL iBT总体应该遵循先快后慢的原则。