浙江省高考英语试题评析
宁波市鄞州区教育局教研室特级教师周道义
桐乡市第二中学特级教师庄志琳
高考英语试题浙江卷严格依据《英语课程标准》、《英语教学指导意见》和《考试大纲》命制,延续前几年试卷的风格,题型和要求没有改变,难度保持相对稳定。试卷对词汇的理解要求略有提高,出现了unavoidable,stunned,humiliation等生词。从整卷的语言材料看,真实地道,关注思想性、人文性和实用性,比较通俗易懂。从设题情况看,立足考查学生的语言基础知识和语用能力,无偏题和怪题。
单项选择题考点覆盖面广,考查内容清晰,难度适中。考题涉及词汇辩析、情境对话和语法知识。词汇辨析依然是单选题的重点,如形容词辩析、动词辩析、名词辩析等。许多题项考查考生的语用能力。
完形填空题讲述作者大学毕业后在工作和生活体验中理解了成功的真正含义,指出“物质上的成功和享受并不代表精神的富足和幸福”这一价值趋向。文章的最后两句(Butwhataboutthepersonalandsocialcostsinvolvedinpursuingmoneyovermeaning?Theseareexactlythekindsofcostsmanyofustendtoignore—andtheveryonesweneedtoconsidermost.)道出了作者的观点,是理解本文的关键。考查难点主要是长句理解,逻辑关系和故事情节的流畅性。此题有一定的难度。
阅读理解题选材广泛,涉及学习、图表、科普、生活等方面话题,有一定的生词量。其中A篇是关于学生快乐阅读的实验,强调通过快乐阅读培养阅读习惯。B篇通过对条形图、线形图和饼形图的介绍,让学生学会读图,运用英语解决实际问题。C篇是光污染对生物的影响,集科普性和人文性于一体。D篇讲述作者从遛狗的体验中悟出生活的哲理——尽管有时生活艰难、前途难测,但人生总有希望和快乐。任务型阅读是关于约见教授的注意事项,要求考生根据篇章内容和脉络,选出每段的首句,考查学生概括主题和查找主题句的能力。阅读理解题的设问除了部分信息查询题外,更多的题项涉及主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图、句子理解、代词指代、篇章结构等,对思维能力有一定的要求,难度适中。
改错题的语篇原文语言地道,根据改错要求,进行了题目设置,考查考生基本的阅读和综合知识的运用能力,错误典型,易于查找和改正。
书面表达题要求考生以“WhenIhaveadifferentopinion”为题,在“坚持自己观点并说服别人”和“尊重大多数同学的意见”中选择其一,用实例阐述观点,并说明理由。该题符合学生认知发展水平和生活体验,学生有话可说,易于表达。但要写好这篇短文,考生需要一定的思辩能力和语言表达能力。
从今年的英语试卷看,今后的高中英语教学应该继续关注语篇,重视语境,培养语感。同时,考生也要注重拓展阅读空间,强化生活体验,提高思辩能力。
I was due to take my driving test at 11:30 am.It was a rainy morning with low clouds and as I approached the driving school at 9:50 am,my heart sank.My driving instructor. Stan,said something,trying to drive away my fears,but I was not impressed
We set off for the test centre with an hour to go I wanted a run round the test circuit (圈),but we got stuck in a traffic jam,and could only drive no faster than walking.
We arrived at the test centre at 11 am.Stan made me watch a group of six learners emerging from the building with their respective(各自的)examiners.Their instructors were looking out from two windows.We watched them drive off They must have been feeling very nervous
Stan took me round the probable test track,pointing out the traps.The weather became even worse It seemed to make me feel worse too.I had developed a couldn't-care-less mood,and was almost calm We returned to the test centre in time to see the six unfortunates returning.Their nerves must have been in a terrible state.
I sat in the waiting room until six examiners came in to call out our respective names. Mine showed no emotion as he asked me to go to my car I showed none either,but the tension began mounting again.
1.On their way to the test center,Stan tried to comfort the author_________
A.but it made the author's heart sink deeper
B.but the words produced no effect
C.so that the author could drive to the center with no fears
D.so that they could prepare for all he flaps
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Six learners would be tested at the same time.
B.The learners were tested in the presence of their instructors
C.None of the six learners passed the test in the end.
D The instructors were as nervous as the learners
3.When the author was sitting in the waiting room,he was quite_________
A.upset B.nervous C.frightened D.relaxed
4.When it was his turn to take the test,the author went to his car with___________
A.firm confidence B mixed emotions C.increased nervousness D.perfect calmness
5.The passage is mainly about___________
A.the influence of bad weather upon a test taker
B the feelings of a learner before his driving test
C the preparations before a driving test
D.an unforgettable day
浙江高考英语阅读精选题答案
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.C
5.B
浙江高考英语阅读精选题(二)The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents,which is the opposite of the popularly-held image(形象)of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past."We were surprised by just how positive today's young people seem to be about their families," said one member of the research team. "They're expected to be rebellious(叛逆的)and selfish,but actually they have other things on their minds: they want a car and material goods,and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There's more negotiation(商议)and discussion between parents and children,and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don't want to rock the boat."
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends."My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me," says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall. "I always tell them when I'm going out clubbing. As long as they know what I'm doing,they're fine with it." Susan Crome,who is now 21,agrees. "Looking back on the last 10 years,there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example,as long as I'd done all my homework,I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that."
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments,"Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over."
1.What is the popular image of teenagers today?
A.They worry about school.
B.They dislike living with their parents.
C.They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.
D.They quarrel a lot with other family members.
2.The study shows that teenagers don't want to__________ .
A.share family responsibility
B.cause trouble in their families
C.go boating with their family
D.make family decisions
3.Compared with parents of 30 years ago,today's parents__________ .
A.go to clubs more often with their children
B.are much stricter with their children
C.care less about their children's life
D.give their children more freedom
4.According to the author,teenage rebellion__________ .
A.may be a false belief
B.is common nowadays
C.existed only in the 1960s
D.resulted from changes in families
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Negotiation in family.
B.Education in family.
C.Harmony in family.
D.Teenage trouble in family.
浙江高考英语阅读精选题答案
1.D
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.C
浙江高考理综试卷难不难,难度系数解读点评答案解析 物理
评析1:物理学科组
“重视基础、突出思考、联系实际、注重探究”是高考物理命题的总思路。在命题中,力求体现新课改理念,力求做到全面考查知识点,有利于高中物理教学的改革,有利于优秀人才的选拔。试题力求稳中求新,控制难度,强调区分度。
一、重视基础,回归教材
第14、15、18题的素材均来自教材,考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度。第22题用伏安法测电阻,考查电流表的内外接法等基础知识、基本操作技能和数据处理能力。引导高中物理教学中,应更多关注教材、重视实验。
二、突出思考,考查能力
第19、20题通过常见物理情境的设计,对考生综合运用物理知识解决问题的能力进行考查。第16题考查天体运动的规律,要求考生在思考中估算,避免繁琐运算。第23题第3小题要求考生根据“靶上只有一个弹孔”的现象,思考形成现象的原因,考查考生的逻辑推理能力。
三、联系实际,重视运用
倡导“让物理走进生活,让生活体现物理”。第17题把生活中船的浮动与简谐运动联系起来,通过理论联系实际,引导学生在生活中学习物理知识。第24题的素材来源于工程实践中的测速传感技术,引导学生运用物理知识分析、解决实际问题。
四、注重探究,引导创新
第21题在学生实验“研究弹力与弹簧伸长的关系”的基础上,探究两根弹簧的形变量与弹力之间的关系,要求考生能运用基本实验技能探究新情境下的物理问题。命题关注科技前沿,引导创新。第25题取材于航天技术中的离子推进器。为了便于考生建立物理模型,试题对离子推进器做了合理的简化。各小题的设问由浅入深、由易到难,引导学生逐步思考、分析建模、运用数学知识解决物理问题。
评析2:省教育厅教研室特级教师沈启正
富阳市教育局教研室特级教师何文明
今年物理试题基于核心知识,彰显能力立意,注重实验探究,强调新情境应用,体现了新课程理念,对引导物理教学中摒弃题海战术有积极的意义。试卷梯度分布合理,难度适当。
一、常规模型透新意
第14、15、18题等素材均来自教材,第16、19、20题虽是常规模型,却透射着新意。例如第16题考查行星的多卫星运动规律,虽似常规却融入了估算环节;第19题则把常规的斜面问题与点电荷的相互作用相结合;第20题用电流随时间变化图象考查运动、力和功的概念。这些试题彰显了重视基础,突出思考的命题思路。
二、实验探究显变化
第21题是根据学生实验“研究弹力与弹簧伸长的关系”改编的,但两根弹簧的串接却增加了探究味,使学生无现成模型可套,只有深刻理解原理,掌握基本实验技能才能正确应对这一变化。
第22题用伏安法测铅笔芯电阻的实验同样也融入了新元素。电流表的内、外接法是学生应该掌握的基本实验技能,本题看似常规,但用所测数据点绘制的图线作对比却不落俗套。
三、情景多样涵盖广
试题研究视角新颖,涉及生活、生产与科学实践的多个层面。第17题分析游船随波浪起伏时游客能够舒适登船的时间,第23题研讨装甲车的运动学问题及机枪射击的弹孔位置,第24题探求发电测速装置中的铝块速度及机械能损失的问题,第25题以太空飞行器的动力系统为背景,思索如何提高离子推进器中氙气的电离效果。素材看似上天入地,但深入分析便会发现这些问题全部来自最基本的物理模型。
试卷计算题各小题的设问由浅入深,梯度设置合理。例如第23题第(3)题要求考生根据“靶上只有一个弹孔”的现象,思考形成此现象的原因,考查逻辑推理能力,有一定的难度和区分度。第25题的第(3)、第(4)题考查考生运用数学知识解决物理问题的能力,有较好的区分度。
化学
评析1:化学学科组
理科综合化学高考试题的命制遵循“科学、公平、准确”的原则,按照《浙江省普通高考考试说明》的要求进行。
一、力求稳定落实双基
试题的命题风格、题型结构、呈现方式、考试内容等方面保持了较好的稳定性和连续性。客观题重点考查了化学学科素养、实验基本原理和操作、元素周期表的应用、无机离子的推断,有机物的性质、检验和转化等。主观题考查了物质组成的推断、化学反应原理、化学实验,有机化学等。
二、突出主干体现应用
试题内容的选取始终围绕化学学科的主干知识,但试题背景体现了化学学科的时代性及实际应用价值。如氨氮废水的处理,电动汽车中的储氢电池,饮用水的消毒,燃煤中固硫效率的提升,营养品葡萄糖酸钙的制备,药品普鲁卡因的合成等。
三、坚持杜绝题海
本卷所有试题均为,立足于应用中学化学涉及的知识、原理来解决问题。试题取材新颖,以能力立意。不仅考查学生掌握知识的程度,更能检验考生吸收、整合、应用信息及解决新问题的能力。这种考查方式避免了题海训练,引导中学课堂教学从授之以“鱼”向授之以“渔”方向转变。
四、设问多样层次分明
试题重视分层选拔的功能,不仅客观题难度系数有梯度,而且主观题更是通过多种设问方式,考查学生不同层次的思维水平。各大题入题容易,但随着设问的深入,对学生的能力要求逐步提高,满足高水平学生的挑战欲望,兼顾了中学分层施教和大学的分层选拨。
总之,试题重视基础,关注能力,取材考究,立意鲜明,难度适中,体现了化学学科思想和方法,对中学化学教学改革有着积极的导向作用。
评析2:富阳中学特级教师董君
杭州第二中学特级教师张永久
浙江高考理综化学试卷在紧扣考试大纲的前提下,在题型结构、呈现方式、考试内容等方面均基本保持了往年的命题风格。试卷内容丰富,涉及面广,区分度好。在考查中学化学核心知识、学科特点和方法的同时,着重考查了学生的学科能力。在稳定中见创意,于细微处见特色。
一、注重化学学科的整体知识的考查
试卷客观题从基本概念、基础理论、物质性质、基础实验、学科方法和知识应用等多角度考查了化学学科素养、实验基本原理和操作、元素周期表、有机物性质、电化学、溶液化学及离子的推断等内容。主观题考查了无机物组成的推断、化学反应原理、实验化学及有机化学等。
二、突出了化学学科的应用性与时代性
试题背景在充分体现化学学科的时代性及实际应用价值的同时,开展了对中学化学主干知识的考察,如光解水与电解水的经济性比较、用氨氮废水的处理考察氧化还原与电解的基本知识、通过单细胞检测技术考察阿伏伽德罗常数的概念和浓度计算问题、用储氢电池考查电化学基本原理、以饮用水消毒为背景考查溶液化学平衡问题、以雾霾为背景考查了离子的重要性质及鉴定、通过燃煤固硫效果的讨论考查化学反应基本原理、以营养品葡萄酸钙的制备和药品普鲁卡因的合成为背景,分别考查化学实验基本方法和有机物的性质与相互转化关系。
三、以能力立意多角度考查化学思维与方法
试卷问题设计角度多样、层次鲜明,既符合化学逻辑思维,又符合学生的应试心理。在考查化学知识、原理和应用方法的同时,以能力立意,考查了学生提取信息、处理信息的能力,分析问题、解决问题的能力和实验探究能力。充分体现了化学学科思想、学科方法、创新意识与学科价值。这在一定程度上避免了题海训练的弊端,对中学化学的课堂教学也有一定的导向作用