2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解辨析

2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解辨析

2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解
试题文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文节选第一段对照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段关键信息词汇：changed,popularization,original,misunderstand,makeup,far beyond,skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的（对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象）
b.makeup: 取含义 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup,and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。
2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
本题题干提问信息词汇：misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词：misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase，干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上，desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。
文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。
考试文本第二段：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients,whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。
2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find,client/ patient,whereas/while,con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇，无需修改。
3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好）表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论：有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.  B. To clarify a concept.
C. To  present a fact.  D. To make a prediction.
此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来，D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。
考试文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. 
原文对照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
虽然关于情商的流行（大众化）观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（论证），但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。
b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知）最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。
试题文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文对照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。
试题文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理（引领）自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。
3.Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。
原文对照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”,链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为：Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为：The practical application on it.
总结：本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。
试卷试题：
We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文链接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
节选原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients,whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may adequately serve to point us in the right direction

2021年高考英语甲卷短文填空47题不太理解？

[1 ]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _41.was built___(41) (build) originally to protect the city ____42.in___(42) the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored ( 修复).  It is possible __43.to walk____(43) (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

[2 ]We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.

[3 ]After __44.spending____(44) (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what ___45.better___(45) (good) than to ride on a piece of history!

[4 ]We __46.hired____(46) (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky  47.but__(47) did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48.the___(48) way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and __49.watchtowers____(49) (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ___50. daily___(50) (day) routines.

47.+but考查连词。根据句意，前半句“My+bike+was+old+and+shaky”表示“我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃”，是贬义；后半句“did+the+job”表示“自行车还行”，是褒义，前后相对，表达转折关系，用转折连词，故填but。

 

2021年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A

Rome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night,and for that,you’ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
对于旅行者来说，罗马很贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因。罗马的旅社单人间每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒适的市中心。

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city,and for good reason. It’s affordable,and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus,it’s close to the main train station.
如果一定要让我就罗马的住宿做一个推荐的话，那就是Yellow Hostel。这是本市评级最好的旅社之一，这是有充分理由的。价格实惠，气氛活跃又不太吵闹。另外还有一好处，离火车总站很近。

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels,this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots,bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
如果你喜欢社交型旅社，这就是罗马最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人员为客人举办很多酒吧活动，比如免费拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋顶上还有一片区域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起闲逛。

Youth Station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel,look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits,too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干净而又现代化的旅社，没有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的家具和床，另外：不收城市税；房间里有空调和暖气；每个房间都有免费Wi-Fi。

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful,providing you with a map of the city when you arrive,and offering advice if you require some. However,you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距离市中心车站仅10分钟的步行路程，距离城市所有主要景点都很近。工作人员友好且乐于助人，在您到达时为您提供城市地图，并在您需要时提供建议。不过，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2欧元一天。

高考英语答案规律

一般的一大题里的正确答案选项ABCD个数相同。

2021年高考英语全国卷命题贯彻落实《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》要求，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则；

依据普通高中英语课程标准和高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，进一步深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，强调关键能力考查，引导教学回归教材，稳步推进高考考试内容改革，充分发挥高考育人功能和积极导向作用。

2021年英语高考难度与往年持平：

控制试卷难度。各套试题采用篇章材料的难度与往年基本持平，试题难易搭配合理，试卷中各难度层级试题比例稳定。在试题材料难度方面，遵循课标要求，注意话题选择的适切度和语篇语言难度。

在话题方面，听力的录音材料既涵盖学生十分熟悉的日常话题，也包括一些具有挑战性的话题；在阅读理解部分，既有相对易读的文章，如介绍艺术家使用废弃塑料做成精美雕塑、家里保留座机的现象和原因、黑犀牛的保护和繁育、艺术教育走进课堂等；

也有较高难度的科普议论性文章，如背景音对创造力的影响实验、人们对天才标准认知的变化、情商的研究、牧牛机器人的研制介绍等。在语篇语言难度方面，在坚持保留原语篇文本基本风格的前提下，尽力减少过多文化背景、生词、长难句等因素的影响，使文本行文流畅、表达清楚。