1.break into闯入，进入2.up to now直到现在
3.brighten the lives of照亮某人的生活道路4.feel/be content with对……满足
5.badly off穷的，缺少的6.in search of寻找….7.pick out挑选出，辨认出
8.on the edge of在…边沿9.cut off切断，断绝10.in silence沉默，不作声
11. make use of使用12.be angry about对…很生气13.star in担任主角，主演
1. slide on a banana skin在香蕉皮上滑倒
2. bump into someone else撞到别人
3. round a corner在拐角处
4. fall down掉下
5. be cruel to …对…残忍
6. at times有时,常常
7. be content with对…满意
8. badly off(worse off)贫困
9. astonish us with the deep feelings用深厚的感情打动…
10. be born in poverty出生贫寒
11. become famous for变的有名
12. a particular from of acting一种特殊的表演方式
13. his entertaining silent movies他那滑稽的无声电影
14. be well-known throughout the world举世闻名
15. wear worn-out shoes穿着破鞋子
16. carry a walking stick拿着手杖
17. a social failure一个社会生活中的失败分子
18. overcome difficulties克服困难
19. be unkind to sb.对…不好
20. a boiled shoe煮熟的.鞋子
21. the problem facing sb面对某人的问题
22. thousands of成千上万
23. rush there in search of冲向…寻找…
24. fortunate enough足够幸运
25. pick up拾起…/接某人
26. be caught in a snowstorm遭遇到暴风雪
be caught on被…钩住
27. on the edge of a mountain在大山边缘
28. pick out挑出
29. cut off切断,隔绝…
30. as if似乎,好象
31. eat every mouthful with great enjoyment每口都吃得津津有味
32. star in主演…
33. his lifetime outstanding work他终生杰出的工作
34. be buried in被埋葬在…
35. knock into撞到…
36. think it funny to…觉得滑稽…
37. play on words说俏皮话
38. treat it as a question把…当作一个问题
39. an answer to the question问题的答案
40. go camping去露营
41. in a mountainous area在山区
42. in the open air在户外
43. look up at the stars抬头看着星星
44. how vast the sky is天空多么广阔
45. try a third time又试了一次
46. pay special attention to特别注意…
47. bring out the humorous meaning指出/阐明幽默的意思
48. turn into变成…
49. improve your English vocabulary扩大英语词汇量
50. a sense of success成功感,成就感
Unit4 Body language
【重点词汇、短语】
represent 代表，象征
approach 接近，靠近
defend 保护，保卫
defend against 保卫…以免受
likely 可能的
be likely to 很可能
in general 总的来说，通常
ease 安逸，减轻
at ease 舒适，自由自在
lose face 丢脸
turn one’s back to 背对，背弃
【重点句型】
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚·史密斯。
△ 句中closely followed by…是过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。
Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between
各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不一样。
△ 本句中not all“并不是所有的”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如all, both, every, everything, entirely, completely 等，与not连用时， 无论not 在它们前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为“并非所有……都”，“并非每一……都”。
These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。
△ 句中ways 后面跟的是in which 引导的定语从句。当先行词是way时，后面的定语从句如果缺少方式状语，引导定语从句的引导词有三种方式：in which, that 或不用任何引导词。
【语法总结】动词ing形式(详见第三和第四单元语法总结)
重点短语梳理
defend against保卫…以免受
sb to sb 向某人介绍某人
sb on some part亲吻某人的某个部位
defence 防御，保障
with 与某人一起
likely to 很可能…;有希望…
one’s hand out to sth 把手伸出来取某物
the contrary 相反
at sb 向某人点头
sb with/by 通过…向某人问候
one’s feelings表达某人的感情
in general 总的来说;通常
a job fair 在求职会上
nervous about 对… 感到紧张
at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在
lose face丢脸
one’s back to 背对;背弃
one’s head away 把头转过去
willing to 渴望…., 愿意….
look upset about sth 对感到沮丧
获得;实现;达到预期的目的
achieve an aim / goal达到目标
achieve success 获得成功
辨析：achieve，reach，gain
achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
_He hopes to achieve all his aims soon
_You can achieve your ambition if you work
_If you do one thing each day, you will reach your
_But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult
_This should help you gain
_We can gain some insight from
achievement [c]成就，功绩
_He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific
_Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great
表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”;conditions(复数)指一般情况，环境。
_I starve for your help in such a
_You worry about her
_I suggested he should adapt himself to his new
_We should make decisions in accordance with specific 与condition相关的词组：
in good/poor condition 状况好/不好
out of condition 状况不好
on condition that 在……条件下，假使
on no condition 决不
连接，关系
in connection with 与……有关
_ Police said later that they'd arrested one person in connection with the
举止，举动，行为表现
behave oneself 表现良好，行为良好
_ Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one's behave as 起……作用，表现为……
_ Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we
值得做的，值得出力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth
_It is worthwhile buying the is worthwhile to discuss the plan
辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile
(1)worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语; worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
_It isn’t worth the
_He is a worthy
_His behavior is worthy of great
_They achieved a very worthwhile
_We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the
(2)worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰(要表示类似意思可用 well)，而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用副词 very 修饰。
_That is very worthy of our
_Nursing is a very worthwhile
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth (very 应改为 well)
(3)搭配习惯不同
be worth +
_The picture is worth $
_The clock is hardly worth (主动形式表示被动)
be worthy of +
Be worthy to do sth
_Their efforts are worthy of your
_This suggestion is worthy of being suggestion is worthy to be
Be worthwhile doing/to do sth
作动词，后直接跟宾语。
_I want him to respect me as a career
作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。
_If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。
_Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to
与respect相关的短语：
respect oneself 自重，自尊
have/show respect for 对……尊重/尊敬
have respect to 注意，考虑
in respect of sth 就某方面而言。
with respect to 涉及，关于。
争论，辩论
argue with sb(about/for…) (为/关于……)和某人辩论
_If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree
_Don't argue with
argue for/against… 辩论赞成……/反对……_If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to
persuade people that it is
_If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order
to persuade people that it is wrong
与argue相关的词组：
argue back 反驳
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
鼓舞，激发
inspire sb(to do sth) 赋予某人灵感，启迪
_His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve
inspire sb(with sth)/inspire sth in sb 激励/鼓励某人的……
_A sincere compliment can inspire someone with
Inspired：有创造力的，有雄心壮志的，受灵感启示的
Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感兴趣的
支撑，扶持，养活 作可数名词，表示“支撑物，支持的人/物，赡养者，赞助金”。
作不可数名词，表示“支持，养家，赡养”。
与support相关的词组：
come to one’s support 来支持某人
in support 后备的，准备给予支援的
in support of 支持，证明
down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起近义：look one’s nose at……
_I wasn't successful, so they looked down on
与look有关的短语：
look for寻找，期待
look forward to doing盼望做某事
look on…as把……看作
look out朝外看，当心，注意，查出
look through浏览，仔细查看，审核
look up查看，抬头看
look after照顾
look back on/to sth 追思，回顾
look in(on sb)顺便访问
look into sth调查
look over sth 检阅，检查
look to注意
look sb up and down上下打量某人
作及物动词，表示“解释，说明”，常接名词，代词，从句作宾语。 _How do you explain this
_I didn't quite follow;could you explain it again?
_I want to explain what
若表示“向某人解释某事”，应说explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。_If he were here I could explain to him
_Need I explain it to/for you?
explain oneself 为自己的行为辩解
【重点词汇、短语】
struggle 斗争
expand 使变大，伸展
thanks to 幸亏，由于
rid 摆脱
rid…of 摆脱，除去
be satisfied with 对…感到满意
would rather宁愿
therefore 因此
export 出口
regret 后悔，遗憾
build up 逐渐增加，建立，开发
lead to 导致
focus on 集中与
reduce 减少
from/of 使…免受影响
comment 评论，议论
【重点句型】
Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
你种过植物吗?如果种过的话，你是怎么种植的?如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种植什么植物?
△ If so为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”，if用作连词，so 用来代替上文的内容，以避免重复。If not 意为“如果不是这样的话，否则，要不然”，意义与If so 相反。
In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high
1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
△不定式放在表示次序的词如the first, the last以及the only, the very, the right, the best等词后面作定语,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
Using his hybrid rice, framers are producing harvest twice as large as 用他的杂交水稻， 农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
△“…times as+形容词/副词的原级+ as”为常见的倍数表达法，意为“是……的几倍”。
This room is three times as big as that
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
知识拓展
英语中常见的倍数表达法还有：
This room is twice bigger than that
= This room is three times the size of that
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
The output of TV sets in our factory is 15 times that of ten years
= The output …is 15 times what it was ten years
我们厂电视机的产量是10年前的15倍。
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
【重点短语】
have no alternative but (=have no choice but)
除……外别无选择; 只要……
alternative energy 可代替能源
an alternative plan 替代方案
load … with 给… 装某物
load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤
be on fire 着火(强调状态)
catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)
set fire to sth 放火烧某物
command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
command that… (that从句中要用should+动词 原形, should可省略)
free of charge 免费,不花钱
in charge of 负责，管理
in the charge of 由…负责
take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾
be charged with… 充满
attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上
attach oneself to 参加;和…在一起,缠着
be attached to… 连在…上; 附属于….; 系在……上
attach importance/value to
认为某事很重要/有价值
for sure 肯定地,有把握地
is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事
be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……
make sure of /about sth 确保……
make sure + that-clause 确保
run out of sth 某人用完了某东西
run out 某物用完了(没有了)
rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于
rely on it that… 指望…,对……不怀疑
get rid of =rid…of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭
with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:
①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)
②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态) ④with+宾语+副词
⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生) ⑥with+宾语+介词短语
place an order 订购
carry out an operation 做手术
be optimistic about… .对……乐观的
be optimistic that… 对…乐观
in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上
in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形
out of shape 变形,走样
look out of 向……外看
look out! 小心，当心
Watch out! Be careful! Take care!
for a start 首先
to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一
from the start
= from the beginning 从开头, 从开始
on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时
on the way doing 即将,来到,接近
can’t…too或never…too “不可能太….”,
“再怎么….也不过分”
Not all…=All…not… 并非所有的
【语言点通关】
⒈倒装句
(1). all, both, every, everyone, everything 与not 连用时，表示部分否定。
(2). none, no( nobody, nothing) ,neither等词可表达全部否定。
① 马路的两侧都没有植树。
There are no trees on both sides of the
⒉shape
be in bad/good shape 情况还处于混乱/有序状态,健康情况(不)佳;
take shape成形,有显著发展;
in the shape of 以的形状[形式]
out of shape变[走]样,不成样子身体不舒服, 生病;
⒊run
run across 偶然发现,偶然碰到; run into偶然遇见，偶然发现,与…相撞
in the long run/term从长远看，从最终结果来看;
in the short run 在不远的将来
run out= give out耗尽，用光() / run out of = use up ()
⒋rely
rely/depend on/upon (sb/sth to do sth) 依靠,信任,信赖
rely on it that……指望……
【拓展】depend on/upon依靠; 由而定, 取决于;
That (all) =It all [口]要看情况而定
类似功能单词--- like/ hate/ appreciate/ see to (it) that确保;确定
⒌attach
attach sth to sth把…系/缚在…; attach importance to sth 重视
be attached to sb/sth依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/事物
⒌charge 费用, 主管 收费
(1).charge sb money for sth/ doing sth为……收某人钱
() take charge of 负责，管理……() ( +be) in charge of()
( +be) in the charge of 由…负责，管理free of charge 免费
(2).charge sb with sth 因某事控告某人==accuse of
⒍command
command/order sb to do sth
command/order (that) sb (should) do sth
(____v__? + that … (从句用should+v原形)
一坚持要求：insist; 二命令：order, command; 三建议：suggest(建议), propose, advise; 四请求：demand，desire, request, require)
⒍将来进行时由“will / shall + be + doing”构成，具体用法如下：
(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
I will be having an English class at 8 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。
Mary will be working in the factory in the next two 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programs on
今晚七时，我将正在收看电视新闻节目。
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。
(2) 表示预料不久要发生或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。
We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。
If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious
如果我们不那样做，我们就会犯严重的错误。
(3) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如：
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?
【注意】
在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：
Be careful when you are crossing the 过马路时要当心。
If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him,
你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。
重点句型再现
I saw several young people enter thewaiting area looking around
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
The first person to arrive was Tony Garciafrom Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼?加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的茱莉亚?史密斯。
She stepped back appearing surprised andput up her hands, as if in
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
Not all cultures greet each other the sameway, Nor are they comfortable in the same way with
touching or distance between
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也不尽相同。
We can often be wrong about each other, soit is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we
尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事
重点单词:
culturalsurviveremainstatevaluable
raredynastybelongheatselect
designfancyjewelreceptionamazing
lightwonderremovefurnituredecorate
secretlywoodendoubtprovebesides
consideropinionevidencepretendtreasure
celebrateformermystery
重点短语
lookintoserveastakeapartin
ratherthanthinkhighlyofbelongto
insearchofinreturncareabout
agreewithtoone’ssurprise
重点句子
……
,towhomtheamberroombelonged,
,
……….
…
,whichtookthecountry’sbestartists…….
Unit1 Women of achievement
【重点词汇、短语】
human beings 人类
campaign 运动，战役
behave 行为
shade 阴凉处
move off 离开，启程
observe 观察
respect 尊重
argue 讨论，辩论
lead 过着…的生活
crowd in 涌入脑海
support 支持
look down upon/on 看不起
refer to 查阅，参考，涉及
by chance 碰巧
come across 偶遇
intend 计划，打算
deliver 提送，生(小孩)，接生，发表(演说)
carry on 继续，坚持
【重点句型】
She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出
She is leading a busy life but she says …
她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说……
△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活
Many people look down upon poor 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look down upon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起
You mustn’t look down upon/ on the
你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
If the word group refers to different members, use a plural
如果group(作主语)指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。
△ refer to指的是：提及;谈到;提到;查阅、参考
By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’s
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢?
△ carry on 继续;坚持
语法剖析(动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和补语)
一、动词-ing形式作表语
表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as cleanas (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible isher job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)
Theproblem is quite
这个问题很令困惑。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing,disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting,surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too lateevery (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used forreading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes forrunning 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that aredeveloping发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house thatlooks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzlessomebody困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing (=which isfacing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Whois playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?
The man visitingJapan(=the man who is visitingJapan) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a strangerstanding in front of the
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very =The film is found very
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice,observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb + doing sth(作宾补)
I felt somebody standing behind
2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb/sth + doing sth (作宾补)
We kept the fire burning all night 我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the We heard the telephone
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
重要词汇拓展
statement; 陈述;说明 陈述;叙述;声明
问候，迎接，打招呼greeting–n敬礼，致意greetings 问候语，致词
代表，象征 代表
association; 社团;联系;联想associate;使发生联系, 使联合 associated联合的, 关联的
curious 好奇的 好奇地
–n 宿舍
approach; 接近;靠近接近;方法;途径. approachable 可到达的;可亲近的
defend 保护;保卫defense- 防卫;防卫设备;防御
主要的 较小的;次要的
猛冲，突进.
误解;误会 误解;误会understanding 谅解, 理解
成人，成年人adj 成人的，成熟的
spoken- 口语的 非口语的;未说出口的
function-n 作用，动能，只能v-起作用，运转
可能的
—adj 错误的，假的true 真的，正确的
安逸;舒适减轻(痛苦;忧虑)舒适的, 安逸的
truly-- 真实地;真诚地;真正地 真实的,真正的
anger- 怒气;怒火angry-- 生气的
Unit1 Women of achievement
【重点词汇、短语】
human beings 人类
campaign 运动，战役
behave 行为
shade 阴凉处
move off 离开，启程
observe 观察
respect 尊重
argue 讨论，辩论
lead 过着…的生活
crowd in 涌入脑海
support 支持
look down upon/on 看不起
refer to 查阅，参考，涉及
by chance 碰巧
come across 偶遇
intend 计划，打算
deliver 提送，生(小孩)，接生，发表(演说)
carry on 继续，坚持
【重点句型】
She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出
She is leading a busy life but she says …
她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说……
△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活
Many people look down upon poor 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look down upon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起
You mustn’t look down upon/ on the
你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
If the word group refers to different members, use a plural
如果group(作主语)指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。
△ refer to指的是：提及;谈到;提到;查阅、参考
By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’s
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢?
△ carry on 继续;坚持
【重点短语】
surround sb with sb 用某人包围某人
be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围
in the surrounding 在周围环境
a narrow escape 九死一生
in the distance 在远处,在远方
from a distance 从一定距离,从远处
at a distance 在一定距离处,隔一段距离
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;
与某人保持距离
at the edge of 在……的边缘(侧重于在边 缘点上)
on the edge of 在…边缘上(侧重在边缘较广阔的地域)
at least = at the least 至少
not in the least = not all 一点也不
at most = at the most 至多
be heavy with 有大量的
make a detour 绕道而行
have four weeks off 休四周假
go through 穿过;经历
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
require to do sth 要求去做某事
require sb to do sth 要求某人去做某事
require that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事
sth require doing 某物需要被做
= sth require to be done
on a spot 在现场,当场
rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈
rip sth off 偷窃,盗取
get a kick out of 从……中得到乐趣
enjoy doing 喜欢干…
be fond of 喜欢…
go in for 爱好,从事
【语言点通关】
forbid禁止(forbade/forbad---forbidden---forbidding)
forbid/ allow / permit / advise doing sth
forbid/ allow / permit / advise sb to do
⒉be to do / be going to do / be about to
be going to do 强调主语的主观安排
be to do 表示按计划行事，可能这个计划不是主语的打算
①I am going to spend the rest of my life in England .
②Believe it or not, I am to deliver a lecture on It is the department’s arrangement .
be about to表示即将发生的事情， 不与将来时间状语连用。
固定搭配：be about to do…when…
遥远的
in the distance 在远处 at a distance距离稍远些 keep…at a distance与…保持一定距离
【重点短语】
have no alternative but (=have no choice but)
除……外别无选择; 只要……
alternative energy 可代替能源
an alternative plan 替代方案
load … with 给… 装某物
load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤
be on fire 着火(强调状态)
catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)
set fire to sth 放火烧某物
command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
command that… (that从句中要用should+动词 原形, should可省略)
free of charge 免费,不花钱
in charge of 负责，管理
in the charge of 由…负责
take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾
be charged with… 充满
attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上
attach oneself to 参加;和…在一起,缠着
be attached to… 连在…上; 附属于….; 系在……上
attach importance/value to
认为某事很重要/有价值
for sure 肯定地,有把握地
is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事
be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……
make sure of /about sth 确保……
make sure + that-clause 确保
run out of sth 某人用完了某东西
run out 某物用完了(没有了)
rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于
rely on it that… 指望…,对……不怀疑
get rid of =rid…of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭
with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:
①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)
②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态) ④with+宾语+副词
⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生) ⑥with+宾语+介词短语
place an order 订购
carry out an operation 做手术
be optimistic about… .对……乐观的
be optimistic that… 对…乐观
in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上
in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形
out of shape 变形,走样
look out of 向……外看
look out! 小心，当心
Watch out! Be careful! Take care!
for a start 首先
to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一
from the start
= from the beginning 从开头, 从开始
on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时
on the way doing 即将,来到,接近
can’t…too或never…too “不可能太….”,
“再怎么….也不过分”
Not all…=All…not… 并非所有的
【语言点通关】
⒈倒装句
(1). all, both, every, everyone, everything 与not 连用时，表示部分否定。
(2). none, no( nobody, nothing) ,neither等词可表达全部否定。
① 马路的两侧都没有植树。
There are no trees on both sides of the
⒉shape
be in bad/good shape 情况还处于混乱/有序状态,健康情况(不)佳;
take shape成形,有显著发展;
in the shape of 以的形状[形式]
out of shape变[走]样,不成样子身体不舒服, 生病;
⒊run
run across 偶然发现,偶然碰到; run into偶然遇见，偶然发现,与…相撞
in the long run/term从长远看，从最终结果来看;
in the short run 在不远的将来
run out= give out耗尽，用光() / run out of = use up ()
⒋rely
rely/depend on/upon (sb/sth to do sth) 依靠,信任,信赖
rely on it that……指望……
【拓展】depend on/upon依靠; 由而定, 取决于;
That (all) =It all [口]要看情况而定
类似功能单词--- like/ hate/ appreciate/ see to (it) that确保;确定
⒌attach
attach sth to sth把…系/缚在…; attach importance to sth 重视
be attached to sb/sth依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/事物
⒌charge 费用, 主管 收费
(1).charge sb money for sth/ doing sth为……收某人钱
() take charge of 负责，管理……() ( +be) in charge of()
( +be) in the charge of 由…负责，管理free of charge 免费
(2).charge sb with sth 因某事控告某人==accuse of
⒍command
command/order sb to do sth
command/order (that) sb (should) do sth
(____v__? + that … (从句用should+v原形)
一坚持要求：insist; 二命令：order, command; 三建议：suggest(建议), propose, advise; 四请求：demand，desire, request, require)
⒍将来进行时由“will / shall + be + doing”构成，具体用法如下：
(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
I will be having an English class at 8 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。
Mary will be working in the factory in the next two 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programs on
今晚七时，我将正在收看电视新闻节目。
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。
(2) 表示预料不久要发生或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。
We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。
If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious
如果我们不那样做，我们就会犯严重的错误。
(3) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如：
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?
【注意】
在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：
Be careful when you are crossing the 过马路时要当心。
If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him,
你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。
重点单词:
culturalsurviveremainstatevaluable
raredynastybelongheatselect
designfancyjewelreceptionamazing
lightwonderremovefurnituredecorate
secretlywoodendoubtprovebesides
consideropinionevidencepretendtreasure
celebrateformermystery
重点短语
lookintoserveastakeapartin
ratherthanthinkhighlyofbelongto
insearchofinreturncareabout
agreewithtoone’ssurprise
重点句子
……
,towhomtheamberroombelonged,
,
……….
…
,whichtookthecountry’sbestartists…….
【微语】天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。我不是天才，但我愿发愤图强，永不停息，就让所有的困苦困难一起来吧，因为宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来！
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