Unit4 Where’s my schoolbag?
【重点短语】
my pencil box 我的铅笔盒
on the sofa 在沙发上
in your schoolbag 在你的书包里
under your bed 在你的床底下
in your grandparents’ room 在你祖父母的房间里
a tape player 一台录音机
a model plane 一个飞机模型
English books 英语书
in the bookcase 在书柜里
under the radio 在收音机下面
on the teacher’s desk 在讲台上
on your head 在你头上
【重点句型】
—Where’s the schoolbag? 书包在哪里?
— I t ’s under the 在餐桌下。
— Where are my books?我的书在哪里?
—They’re on the 在沙发上。
is your ruler?
你的尺子在哪里?
—Where’s my bag? 我的包在哪里?
—Is it on your desk? 在你的书桌上吗?
’s not under the
它不在椅子下面。
think it ’s in your grandparents’
我想它在你祖父母的房间里。
‘m tidy，but Gina is
我(东西放得)整齐,但吉娜不整齐。
have a
我有一台钟。
’s books are
吉娜的书到处乱放。
【重点单词】
where /we?/ 在哪里;到哪里
table /'teibl/ 桌子
bed /bed/ 床
bookcase /'bukkeis/ 书架;书柜
sofa /'s?uf?/ 沙发
chair /t?e?/ 椅子
on /?n/ 在上
under /'?nd?/ 在下
come /k?m/ 来;来到
come on 快点儿
desk /desk/ 书桌
think /θi?k/ 认为;想;思考
room /ru:m/ 房间
their /?e?/ 他(她、它)们的
hat /h?t/ 帽子
head /hed/ 头
yeah /je?/ 是的;对
know /n?u/ 知道;了解
radio /'reidi?u/ 收音机;无线电广播
clock /kl?k/ 时钟
tape /teip/ 磁带;录音带;录像带
player /plei?/ 播放机
tape player 录音机
model /'m?dl/ 模型
plane /plein/ 飞机
model plane 飞机模型
tidy /'taidi/ 整洁的;井井有条的
but /b?t/ 但是
our /'au?/ 我们的
everywhere /'evriwe?/ 处处;到处;各地
always /'?:lweiz/ 总是
Unit3 Is this your pencil?
【重点短语】
your schoolbag 你的书包
his green pen 他的绿色的钢笔
Anna’s books 安娜的书
her dictionary 她的字典
ask the teacher for 向老师要……
thank you for 因而谢谢你
computer games 电脑游戏
in Classroom 7E 在7 E 教室里
in the school library 在学校图书馆
call me 给我打电话
call me at 495-3539 拨4 9 5 -3 5 3 9打电话给我
e-mail me 用……给我发电子邮件
my school ID card 我的学生卡
a set of keys 一串钥匙
some keys 一些钥匙
【重点句型】
— What’s this? 这是什么?
—It’s a 一块手表。
—How do you spell it? 你如何拼写它?
W-A-T-C-H。
—Is this/that your pencil? 这是/那是你的铅笔吗?
—Yes, it It’s /No, it isn’ It’s 是的。它是我的。/不。它是他的。
—Excuse me，is this your pencil? 打扰一下，请问这是你的铅笔吗?
—Yes，thank 是的，谢谢你。
—Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗?
—Yes, they They are 是的。它们是我的。
一Are those your keys? 那些是你的钥匙吗?
—No，they aren’ They’re 不。它们是鲍勃的。
Thank you for your 谢谢你的帮助。
—The blue pen is 这支蓝色钢笔是他的。
—What about this dictionary? 那这本字典呢?
lost my school ID I must find
我丢了我的学生卡。我必须找到它。
【重点单词】
pencil /'pensl/ 铅笔
book /buk/ 书
eraser /i'reiz?/ 橡皮
box /b?ks/ 箱;盒
pencil box 铅笔盒;文具盒
schoolbag /'sku:lb?g/ 书包
dictionary /'dik??n?ri/ 词典;字典
his /hiz/ 他的
mine /main/ 我的
hers /h?:z/ 她的
excuse /ik'skju:z/ 原谅;宽恕
me /mi:/ (I的宾格)我
excuse me 劳驾;请原谅
thank /θ??k/ 感谢;谢谢
teacher /'ti:t??/ 老师;教师
about /?'baut/ 关于
What (询问消息或提出建议怎么样?
yours /j?:z/ 你的;你们的
for /f?:/ 为了;给;对
thank you 为而感谢
help /help/ 帮助;援助
welcome /'welk?m/ 受欢迎的
You're 别客气。
baseball /'beisb?:l/ 棒球
watch /w?t?/ 表;手表
computer /k?m'pju:t?/ 计算机;电脑
game /geim/ 游戏;运动;比赛
card /kɑ:d/ 卡片
ID card 学生卡;身份证
notebook /'n?utbuk/ 笔记本
ring /ri?/ 戒指
bag /b?g/ 袋;包
in /in/ 在里
library /'laibr?ri/ 图书馆
ask /ɑ:sk/ 请求;要求;询问
请求;恳求(给予)
find /faind/ (过去分词 found)找到;发现
some /s?m/ 一些;某些
classroom /'klɑ:sru:m/ 教室
e-mail /'emeil/ (=email)电子邮件
at /?t/ 按照;根据;在(某处、某时间时刻)
call /k?:l/ (给)打电话
lost /l?st/ (动词lose的过去式)遗失;丢失
must /m?st/ modal 必须
set /set/ 一套;一副;一组
a set of 一套;一副;一组
shop assistant 营业员
charge sb money for sth为某事向某人索价
charge sb with sth 控告某人…
take charge of 接管,控制
in charge of sth负责,掌管,
in the charge of sb 在某人的掌管下
keep calm 保持冷静 make sure 确保
set an example to sb 给某人树立榜样
rather than 而不是 …
consult sb about sth 向某人请教
quarrel with sb about sth就某事与某人争吵
make up 编造 make out 听出,看出
go into detail(s)讨论,细谈
speak up 大声的说, 大胆的说出
sit up 坐直
the instant = as soon as =the moment
=the minute / second一…就
turn up 露面, 到达
make an appointment with sb 与某人约会
believe in 信任,信仰 turn over 反转
pay off 成功, 带来好的结果, 还清借款
overcome difficulty 克服困难
inspect an illegal business 调查一个非法交易
as long as = so long as 只要
high quality reports 高质量的报道
keep up with 跟上, 赶上 in case 万一
pay attention to sth 注意
work out 计算, 找到…的答案, 做运动
the number of …的数量
according to 依据,按照
a variety of 种.种, 各种各样
leave …behind 留下,遗忘,
without doubt 毫无疑问
1). I doubt whether/ if he’ll keep his
2). I don’t doubt that he’ll keep his
3). Do you doubt that he’ll keep his
4). There is some doubt whether he’ll
5). There is no doubt that he’ll
6). Is there any doubt that he’ll
envy sb sth 羡慕,嫉妒某人某物
the envy of sb 另人羡慕的…
due to =because of = owing to= on account of 由于
in addition 此外
have a positive attitude to / towards 对…有积极的态度
frankly speaking 老实说, 说实话
lay off 裁员, 解雇 aside from 除…之外
fail to do sth 未能做, 失败
graduate from 从…毕业
get promoted 被提升, 升职
go blank 一片空白
swell with anger/ regret 充满愤怒/ 遗憾
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人做某事
bring a lump to one’s throat 喉头哽咽
dream of 梦想做 set up 创建
go up 上升,上涨 switch off 关掉
contribute to 对…有贡献, 有助于
participate in 参加
place the importance on sth 把重点放在…
give preference to 给…以优惠, 优待
loose conduct 行为不检点,行为不端
to a certain extent 在某种程度上
catch up on sth 补做, 赶做
fall behind落后 put off 推迟
take up 拿起，开始从事，占据
☆重点句型☆
By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find
new ideas and
It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis
of the
There did not seem much point in working on my Phi)
-- I did not expect to survive that
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind
of life he has always dreamt
Even though I have interviewed famous people, the
story I like best is about an ordinary young woman
6 it was the first time that I had written with real
The result is a better understanding of the world on all
sides, leading to a future world where people from all
countries am respected and different views and opinions
are
Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside
the factory and left a positive message about protecting
the
They build a theory about the way in which things
happen and the causes and
More than ninety responsible and caring citizens, made
their voices heard
☆重点词汇☆
undertake 着手做
analysis 分析
inspiration 灵感
within 在……的里面
curious 好奇的
debate 争辩
graduate 毕业
disable 使丧失能力
seek 寻找
observe 观察
match 和……相配
astronomer 天文学家
engage 使订婚;使从事于
intelligent 理解力强的
experient 进行实验
media 传媒
fire 解雇;开除
difficulty 难事
bum 燃烧
inform 通知
talent 天资;天赋
present 呈现;描述
effort 努力
ignore 不理;忽视
tolerate 忍受
concern 使担忧
rmire 退休
bore 使厌烦
attitude 态度;看法
update 更新
☆重点短语☆
go by (时间)经过
turn out to be 结果是
on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
within oneself 在某人能力范围之内
dream of / about 梦想
reach one's goals 达到目标
be curious about 对……好奇
the other way around 相反地
a top university 一所的大学
be punished for 因……而受惩罚
nine out often 十分之九
a promising postgraduate 一个有前途的研究生
be addicted to 对……上瘾
bum down 烧毁
foronce 就这一次
spare no effort 不遗余力
on all sides 在各方面
adapt to 适应
be armed with 用……武装
be concerned to 担心，担忧
change one's mind 改变主意
go up 上升，增长
in an organized way 有组织地，有条理地
fall in love with 与……相爱
current affairs 时事
☆交际用语☆
What do they mean?
What are they known for?
What makes a scientist successful?
What do these three great minds have in common?
What are you interested in?
That's correct /
It's hard to
It's clear
There is no doubt
I would
What's your opinkm?
Maybe it would be better to
动词不定式
一. 定义：
由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：
It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the
It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?
It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an
It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher
It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save
在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary 等;
在句型中，常用careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my are kind to helpme with my
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do 我做这事太容易了
easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;
the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough
1、It's so nice to hear your
听到你的声音真高兴。
2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)
例句:
1、It was silly of us to believe 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：
(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
1、We hope to get there before 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
2、The man decided to do it 那个男人决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to 他发现很难入睡。
in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
①通过…方式(途径)。例：I learn English by listening to
②在…旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many
与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How is your summer holiday? It’s (how表示程度 做表语)
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by
③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other
① What…think of…? How…like…?
② What…do with…? How…deal with…?
③ What…like about…? How…like…?
④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤ What to do? How to do it?
What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with the don’t know how I should deal with
What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a )
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词，其前要加 a )
aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his 他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in 他不当众大声谈笑。
voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。
sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。
noise 指噪音、吵闹声
find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)
例：I find him I found him working in the
We found him in He found the window
We found her
常见的系动词有：
①是：am 、is、 are
②保持：keep、 stay
③ 转变：become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
get + 宾语+宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生
例：Get the shoes 把鞋擦干净
Get Green to 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him 你不能让他老等着
动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New He is always the first to
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to I need a pen to write
I need some paper to write I don’t have a room to live
practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词
add 补充说 又说
join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing,
be afraid of doing / 害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do 害怕
be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
：①放在否定句末表示“也”
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词
finish指日常事物的完成
,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Please give me a second There comes a fifth
trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing… 干…遇到麻烦，困难
除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an
如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
代替，更换。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead?
我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗?
It will take days by car, so let’s fly
开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom was ill, so I went 汤姆病了，所以换了我去。
instead of doing 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching
We sometimes eat rice instead of
Give me the red one instead of the green
口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语
speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力
提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a 我吃了许多。
too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+ + to do
如：I’m too tired to say 我太累了，什么都不想说。
not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very I don’t like coffee at
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
/ get excited about be / get excited about doing
=== be excited to do 对…感兴奋 如：
I am / get excited about going to
I am excited to go to 我对去北京感到兴奋。
① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：
The party ended up 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with 以…结束 如：
The party ended up with her 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
first of all 首先
to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well
make mistakes 犯错
mistake for …把……错认为……
make mistakes (in) doing 在干某事方面出错
by mistake 错误地;由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I often make 我经常犯错。
I mistook him for his 我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a
我已经犯了一个错误。
laugh at 笑话;取笑(某人)
如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
take notes 做笔记，做记录
enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
She enjoys playing 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed 他过得愉快。
native speaker 说本族语的人
one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词 形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular 她是欢迎的教师之一。
It’s +形容词+(for ) to do (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
practice doing 练习做某事 如：
She often practice speaking 她经常练习说英语。
decide to do 决定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of
worry about 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
be angry with 对某人生气 如：
I was angry with 我对她生气。
perhaps === maybe 也许
go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went 两年过去了。
see / doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see / do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the 她看见他正在教室里画画。
each other 彼此
regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
with the help of == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are 你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
重点
句子的成分和种类
状语、定语、名词性从句
重点词汇和句型
难点
翻译的技巧
时态(含现在完成进行时和将来完成时)及语态(含主动表被动)
一、英语简单句的五种基本结构
S+V是主谓
S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾
S+V+P是主谓宾
S(主语)+V(谓语)+ I(间接宾语)+D(直接宾语)
S(主语)+V(动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语)
1Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：
The students work very
学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me
她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday
事故是昨天晚上发生的。
2Subject (主语) + V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：
Several players lay flat on the
几个队员平躺在操场上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time
.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。
This kind of food tastes
这种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain
这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
Spring It is getting warmer and
春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
Don't have the It has gone
不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。
The facts prove
事实证明是正确的。
3Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
You can put the books in your
你可以把书放在书包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of
我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the
她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。
I prefer to make web
我更喜欢做网页。
4Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long
老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
1)动词 + 宾语 + for ;
2)动词 + 宾语+to 。如：
Please show me your
-Please show your picture to
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose
只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。
4Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
Keep the children quiet,
请让孩子们安静下来。
He painted the wall
他把墙漆成白色。
We found him an honest
我们发现他是一个诚实的人。
His mother told him not to play on the
他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
The boss made him do the work all
老板让他整天做那项工作。
二、英语句子种类两种分类法
按句子的用途可分四种：
1)陈述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years She didn’t hear of you
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)：
Do they like skating? How old is he?
Is he six or seven years old?
Mary can swim, can’t she?
3)祈使句：Be careful, Don’t talk in class
4)感叹句：How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!
按句子的结构可分三种：
1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
He often reads English in the Tom and Mike are American
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall
2) 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
You help him and he helps
The future is bright; the road is 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。英语从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句),定语从句和状语从句等。
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great
小练习
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
farmer is showing the boy how to plant a
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country
The boy who offered me his seat is called
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at
He is in Class One and I am in Class
He was fond of drawing when he was yet a
Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do
What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
三、英语句子成分分析
1主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the (名词)
He likes (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in (数词)
Seeing is (动名词)
To see is to (不定式)
What he needs is a (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
附带复习一下it 作形式主语的一些用法: 当主语部分太长时为了句子平衡采用it作形式主语。所谓形式是指句子的真正主语将在句子末段出现
is+名词+从句 :It is a surprise that you give such an answer to this
it is +形容词+从句: It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our
It +动词+从句: It appeared that he had a taste for
It be +分词+从句:It is said that Li Tao has been to
2谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征
We study
He is
3表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look (代词)
Five and five is (数词)
He is (形容词)
His father is (副词)
The picture is on the (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will (表语从句)
常见的系动词有:
be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， fee l(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good
The sound sounds
Her voice sounds
Tom looks
The food smells
The food tastes
The door remains
Now I feel
4宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like (名词)
He hates (代词)
How many do you need? We need (数词)
We should help the old and the
I enjoy working with (动名词)
I hope to see you (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book
Give the poor man some
5宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come (名)
We will make them (形容词)
We found nobody (副词)
Please make yourself at (介词短语)
Don’t let him do (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike (过去分词)
6主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected
She was found singing in the next
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a
7定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry (名词)
He is our (代词)
We belong to the third (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a (形容词)
The man over there is my old (副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my (介词)
The boys playing football are in (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it (不定式)
You should do everything that I (定语从句)
8状语：用来修饰, , , or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there
The meeting will be held in the
The meat went bad because of the hot
He studies hard to learn English
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the
I like some of you very
If you study hard, you will pathe
He goes to school by
Though he is young, he can do it
一、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。 eg : I like English a
Michael likes Chinese food very
2)当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：
Kangkang likes doesn't like They like don't like
3)当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或例如下列句子变问句：
Michael likes Chinese Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he No, he doesn'
Jane and Helen like Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they No, they don'
二、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别：
have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如： I have a new She has two big door of the house
一、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称：第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you, you)，第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
二、基数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数) zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,
twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
动词不定式
一. 定义：
由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：
It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the
It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?
It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an
It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher
It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save
在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary 等;
在句型中，常用careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my are kind to helpme with my
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do 我做这事太容易了
easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;
the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough
1、It's so nice to hear your
听到你的声音真高兴。
2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)
例句:
1、It was silly of us to believe 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：
(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
1、We hope to get there before 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
2、The man decided to do it 那个男人决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to 他发现很难入睡。
疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种：
⑴当主语，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been
Where to live is a
How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion
⑵当宾语，如：
We must know what to say at a
He could not tell whom to
Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语，如：
The problem is where to find the financial
The question is who to
⑷当名词同位语，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read
Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
Jim is not sure whose to
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：
I could not decide which dictonary to / I could not decide which dictionary I should
Jack did not know where to find such a good Jack did not know where he could find such a good
有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如：
The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the
Have you told him where to get the application form?
Unit4 Where’s my schoolbag?
【重点短语】
my pencil box 我的铅笔盒
on the sofa 在沙发上
in your schoolbag 在你的书包里
under your bed 在你的床底下
in your grandparents’ room 在你祖父母的房间里
a tape player 一台录音机
a model plane 一个飞机模型
English books 英语书
in the bookcase 在书柜里
under the radio 在收音机下面
on the teacher’s desk 在讲台上
on your head 在你头上
【重点句型】
—Where’s the schoolbag? 书包在哪里?
— I t ’s under the 在餐桌下。
— Where are my books?我的书在哪里?
—They’re on the 在沙发上。
is your ruler?
你的尺子在哪里?
—Where’s my bag? 我的包在哪里?
—Is it on your desk? 在你的书桌上吗?
’s not under the
它不在椅子下面。
think it ’s in your grandparents’
我想它在你祖父母的房间里。
‘m tidy，but Gina is
我(东西放得)整齐,但吉娜不整齐。
have a
我有一台钟。
’s books are
吉娜的书到处乱放。
【重点单词】
where /we?/ 在哪里;到哪里
table /'teibl/ 桌子
bed /bed/ 床
bookcase /'bukkeis/ 书架;书柜
sofa /'s?uf?/ 沙发
chair /t?e?/ 椅子
on /?n/ 在上
under /'?nd?/ 在下
come /k?m/ 来;来到
come on 快点儿
desk /desk/ 书桌
think /θi?k/ 认为;想;思考
room /ru:m/ 房间
their /?e?/ 他(她、它)们的
hat /h?t/ 帽子
head /hed/ 头
yeah /je?/ 是的;对
know /n?u/ 知道;了解
radio /'reidi?u/ 收音机;无线电广播
clock /kl?k/ 时钟
tape /teip/ 磁带;录音带;录像带
player /plei?/ 播放机
tape player 录音机
model /'m?dl/ 模型
plane /plein/ 飞机
model plane 飞机模型
tidy /'taidi/ 整洁的;井井有条的
but /b?t/ 但是
our /'au?/ 我们的
everywhere /'evriwe?/ 处处;到处;各地
always /'?:lweiz/ 总是
Unit1 Hello!
一、单词
hello你好 hi你好 Miss小姐 class同学们
I 我 I’m=I am我是
二、词组
good morning 早上好 good afternoon 下午好
三、句型
morning, Miss 早上好，李老师。
， 你好，麦克。
afternoon, 下午好，同学们。
, I’m 你好，我是波比。
四、知识点
Helen海伦 Mike 麦克 Tim 蒂姆 Sam 萨姆 Bobby波比
和afternoon 的区分。
Morning, 12点之前。
Afternoon， 12点之后。
练习：
一、根据情境选择合适的句子。
( )当你看到新朋友，想打招呼时，可以说：
’s your name? Nice to meet
( )早上起床，对准备早餐的妈妈说：
Good Good
( )下午老师进班上课，对同学们说：
morning, Good afternoon, Good evening,
( )当你介绍自己是迈克时，你说：
Hello, Hi, I’m Hi, my name is
二、连词成句。
hi, I’m，Bobby (.) ___________________________________
morning, Mike, good (, .)___________________________________
☆重点句型☆
By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find
new ideas and
It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis
of the
There did not seem much point in working on my Phi)
-- I did not expect to survive that
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind
of life he has always dreamt
Even though I have interviewed famous people, the
story I like best is about an ordinary young woman
6 it was the first time that I had written with real
The result is a better understanding of the world on all
sides, leading to a future world where people from all
countries am respected and different views and opinions
are
Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside
the factory and left a positive message about protecting
the
They build a theory about the way in which things
happen and the causes and
More than ninety responsible and caring citizens, made
their voices heard
☆重点词汇☆
undertake 着手做
analysis 分析
inspiration 灵感
within 在……的里面
curious 好奇的
debate 争辩
graduate 毕业
disable 使丧失能力
seek 寻找
observe 观察
match 和……相配
astronomer 天文学家
engage 使订婚;使从事于
intelligent 理解力强的
experient 进行实验
media 传媒
fire 解雇;开除
difficulty 难事
bum 燃烧
inform 通知
talent 天资;天赋
present 呈现;描述
effort 努力
ignore 不理;忽视
tolerate 忍受
concern 使担忧
rmire 退休
bore 使厌烦
attitude 态度;看法
update 更新
☆重点短语☆
go by (时间)经过
turn out to be 结果是
on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
within oneself 在某人能力范围之内
dream of / about 梦想
reach one's goals 达到目标
be curious about 对……好奇
the other way around 相反地
a top university 一所的大学
be punished for 因……而受惩罚
nine out often 十分之九
a promising postgraduate 一个有前途的研究生
be addicted to 对……上瘾
bum down 烧毁
foronce 就这一次
spare no effort 不遗余力
on all sides 在各方面
adapt to 适应
be armed with 用……武装
be concerned to 担心，担忧
change one's mind 改变主意
go up 上升，增长
in an organized way 有组织地，有条理地
fall in love with 与……相爱
current affairs 时事
☆交际用语☆
What do they mean?
What are they known for?
What makes a scientist successful?
What do these three great minds have in common?
What are you interested in?
That's correct /
It's hard to
It's clear
There is no doubt
I would
What's your opinkm?
Maybe it would be better to
一、对应词
my ---your I ---you our---your this --- that
here ----there yes----no come----go teacher----student boy----girl his---her
二、知识点
1、表示在几楼上，要用介词on，如on the first 在一楼。 The first表示第一的，序数词在使用时前面一定要加the,表示事物的排列顺序。
2、介绍离自己近的事物时用this is , 介绍离自己比较远的事物时用that is? 如：This is my 这是我的计算机。
Thatis your 那是你的计算机。
3、how many??多少?用来询问物品的数量有多少，后面只能跟名词的复数形式。如Howmany books do you have?你有多少本书?
4、当表示有一个时，名词的前面可以用a或者元音前用an , 辅音前用如 an apple 一个苹果 an orange 一个橙子
apear 一个梨 a dog 一只狗
5、当用Is this?? Is that??提问时，一般用肯定回答是：Yes, it
否定是: No , it isn’
三、句子：
1、This is the teacher’s 这是老师办公室。
2、That is my 那是我的教室。
3、Go to the Read a 去图书馆。读故事书。
4、Is this the library? Yes, it 这是图书馆吗?是的。
5Isthat the art room? The art room is on the second
那是美术室吗?不是，美术室在二楼。
6Whereis the canteen? Its on the first
食堂在哪里?在一楼。
【微语】也只有在想他的时候，才觉得生活对我是公平的！
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