【典故】
一个楚国人，他有一颗漂亮的珍珠，他打算把这颗珍珠卖出去。为了卖个好价钱，他便动脑筋要将珍珠好好包装一下，他觉得有了高贵的包装，那么珍珠的“身份”就自然会高起来。
这个楚国人找来名贵的木兰，又请来手艺高超的匠人，为珍珠做了一个盒子(即椟)，用桂椒香料把盒子熏得香气扑鼻。然后，在盒子的外面精雕细刻了许多好看的花纹，还镶上漂亮的金属花边，看上去，闪闪发亮，实在是一件精致美观的工艺品。
这样，楚人将珍珠小心翼翼地放进盒子里，拿到市场上去卖。
到市场上不久，很多人都围上来欣赏楚人的盒子。一个郑国人将盒子拿在手里看了半天，爱不释手，终于出高价将楚人的盒子买了下来。郑人交过钱后，便拿着盒子往回走。可是没走几步他又回来了。楚人以为郑人后悔了要退货，没等楚人想完，郑人已走到楚人跟前。只见郑人将打开的盒子里的珍珠取出来交给楚人说：“先生，您将一颗珍珠忘放在盒子里了，我特意回来还珠子的。”于是郑人将珍珠交给了楚人，然后低着头一边欣赏着木盒子，一边往回走去。
楚人拿着被退回的珍珠，十分尴尬地站在那里。他原本以为别人会欣赏他的珍珠，可是没想到精美的外包装超过了包装盒内的价值，以致于“喧宾夺主”，令楚人哭笑不得。
【释读】
郑人只重外表而不顾实质，使他做出了舍本求末的不当取舍;而楚人的“过分包装”也有些可笑。
【典故】
从前宋国有一个农夫，嫌自已田里的秧苗长得太慢，因此整天忡忡忧忧。有一天，他又荷着锄头下田了，他觉得稻苗似乎一点也没长大，于是苦心思索着有什么办法可以使稻子长高一点。
忽然，他灵机一动，毫不犹豫的卷起裤管就往水田里跳，开始把每一棵秧苗拉高一点。傍晚，农夫好不容易才完成他自以为聪明的杰作，得意洋洋的跑回家，迫不及待的告诉他太太说：“告诉你一件了不起的事，我今天想到一个好点子，让咱们田里的稻苗长高了不少。”农夫太太半信半疑，就叫儿子到田里去看，究竟是怎么回事。儿子听到家里的稻子长高了，兴奋地飞也似的跑到田里去看。这时，他发现稻苗是长高了，但是却一棵棵低垂着，眼看着就要枯萎了。
【释读】
这个故事告诉我们，千万不可以学宋国农夫的作法，一切事情都有它的顺序，如果一心只想早点完成就破坏它的次序，到头来不仅不能提早完成，反而一事无成。
【典故】
一个楚国人，他有一颗漂亮的珍珠，他打算把这颗珍珠卖出去。为了卖个好价钱，他便动脑筋要将珍珠好好包装一下，他觉得有了高贵的包装，那么珍珠的“身份”就自然会高起来。
这个楚国人找来名贵的木兰，又请来手艺高超的匠人，为珍珠做了一个盒子(即椟)，用桂椒香料把盒子熏得香气扑鼻。然后，在盒子的外面精雕细刻了许多好看的花纹，还镶上漂亮的金属花边，看上去，闪闪发亮，实在是一件精致美观的工艺品。
这样，楚人将珍珠小心翼翼地放进盒子里，拿到市场上去卖。
到市场上不久，很多人都围上来欣赏楚人的盒子。一个郑国人将盒子拿在手里看了半天，爱不释手，终于出高价将楚人的盒子买了下来。郑人交过钱后，便拿着盒子往回走。可是没走几步他又回来了。楚人以为郑人后悔了要退货，没等楚人想完，郑人已走到楚人跟前。只见郑人将打开的盒子里的珍珠取出来交给楚人说：“先生，您将一颗珍珠忘放在盒子里了，我特意回来还珠子的。”于是郑人将珍珠交给了楚人，然后低着头一边欣赏着木盒子，一边往回走去。
楚人拿着被退回的珍珠，十分尴尬地站在那里。他原本以为别人会欣赏他的珍珠，可是没想到精美的外包装超过了包装盒内的价值，以致于“喧宾夺主”，令楚人哭笑不得。
【释读】
郑人只重外表而不顾实质，使他做出了舍本求末的不当取舍;而楚人的“过分包装”也有些可笑。
【典故】
据《韩非子》记载，齐宣王爱听吹竽，又好讲排场。为他吹竽的就有三百人。他常常叫这三百人一齐吹竽给他听。有个南郭先生，根本就不会吹竽，看到这个机会，就到齐宣王那里去，请求参加这个吹竽队。齐宣王就把他编在吹竽队里，并且给他很高的薪水。这位根本不会吹竽的南郭先生，每逢吹竽，就混在队里，拿着竽装腔作势。这样一天天混过去，不曾被人发现。
等到齐宣王死了，齐泯王接替王位。他和齐宣王不同，不喜欢听大家一起吹竽，而是喜欢叫吹竽的人一个一个地来吹给他听。南郭先生听到这个消息，只好逃之夭夭，不敢再冒充吹竽人了。
【释读】
西方谚语说，你可以在某时欺骗某一些人，却不能一直欺骗所有的人。南郭先生不会吹竽硬装做会吹竽，终有露出马脚之时。
这个故事也说明南郭先生不善于运用良好的学习条件。在齐宣王300人的吹竽队里，与其他299名乐师相处，学习资源还算丰富。但他没有意识到这一点，满足于滥竽充数，自欺欺人，只能落个逃之夭夭的下场。
【典故】
孙阳，春秋时秦国人，相传是我国古代最著名的相马专家，他一眼就能看出一匹马的好坏。因为传说伯乐是负责管理天上马匹的神，因此人们都把孙阳叫做伯乐。
据说，伯乐把自已丰富的识马经验，编写成一本《相马经》，在书上，他写了各种各样的千里马的特征，并画了不少插图，供人们作识马的参考。
伯乐有个儿子，智质很差，他看了父亲的《相马经》，也很想出去找千里马。他看到《相马经》上说：“千里马的主要特征是，高脑门，大眼睛，蹄子像摞起来的酒曲块”，便拿看书，往外走去，想试试自己的眼力。
走了不远，他看到一只大癞蛤蟆，忙捉回去告诉他父亲说：“我找到了匹好马，和你那本《相马经》上说的差不多，只是蹄子不像摞起来的酒曲块!”
伯乐看了看儿子手里的大癞蛤蟆，不由感到又好笑又好气，幽默地说：“这‘马’爱跳，没办法骑呀!”
【出处】
这个成语来源于《艺林伐山》，伯乐《相马经》有“隆颡(sang)蚨日，蹄如累曲”之语，其子执《马经》以求马。出见大蟾蜍，谓其父：“得一马，略与相同，但蹄不如累曲尔。”
【释读】
按图像寻求良马，比喻做事拘泥教条，墨守成规。现在指顺着线索去寻找。索是寻找、觅求，骥是好马。
【典故】
相传在两千年前，燕国寿陵地方有一位少年，不知道姓啥叫啥，就叫他寿陵少年吧!
这位寿陵少年不愁吃不愁穿，论长相也算得上中等人材，可他就是缺乏自信心，经常无缘无故地感到事事不如人，低人一等——衣服是人家的好，饭菜是人家的香，站相坐相也是人家高雅。他见什么学什么，学一样丢一样，虽然花样翻新，却始终不能做好一件事，不知道自己该是什么模样。
家里的人劝他改一改这个毛病，他以为是家里人管得太多。
亲戚、邻居们，说他是狗熊掰棒子，他也根本听不进去。日久天长，他竟怀疑自己该不该这样走路，越看越觉得自己走路的姿势太笨，太丑了。
有一天，他在路上碰到几个人说说笑笑，只听得有人说邯郸人走路姿势那叫美。他一听，对上了心病，急忙走上前去，想打听个明白。不料想，那几个人看见他，一阵大笑之后扬长而去。
邯郸人走路的姿势究竟怎样美呢?他怎么也想象不出来。这成了他的心病。终于有一天，他瞒着家人，跑到遥远的邯郸学走路去了。
一到邯郸，他感到处处新鲜，简直令人眼花缭乱。看到小孩走路，他觉得活泼、美，学;看见老人走路，他觉得稳重，学;看到妇女走路，摇摆多姿，学。就这样，不过半月光景，他连走路也不会了，路费也花光了，只好爬着回去了。
【释读】
故事出自《庄子·秋水》。成语“邯郸学步”，比喻生搬硬套，机械地模仿别人，不但学不到别人的长处，反而会把自己的优点和本领也丢掉。
东施效颦
Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown on her face when she went An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought she looked very therefore when she went home, she also put her hands on her bosom and had a frown on her
When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and did not go When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .
She only knew Xi Shi's frown looked beautiful but she did not know the reason for its
专心致志
Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the once he gave lessons on chess to two One of them was netpletely absorbed in his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiu while the other, who seemed to be listening, had his mind on something In fact, he was having a fancy that a swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的，自卑的)
If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be
相敬如宾
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official in the State of He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful He showed great interest in the He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of If one is respectful, he must be We should educate our people with " But the King asked, "His father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and finally acnetplished his Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son You just make use of his strong " At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put the farmer in an important
Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like
入木三分
Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern Jin Dynasty of When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and never
Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of Because of his achievements, he has been honored as one of China's sages of One time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to Then the engraver found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the
"Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is
Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound
一技之长
Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a "
One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes came to see him and said to him:" I have a special "
Gong asked: "What is it?"
"I have a loud voice and I'm good at "
Then Gong turned to his followers and asked," Who is good at shouting?" But none of them answered "Yes ". So the scholar took the man
Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a They came to a wide river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the All of them had no Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him, "Can you have a try?" The man realized it was the chance to show his He shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, "Hey, ferryman, nete here, we want to cross the " As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch Gong was very satisfied with the new
Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional
叶公好龙
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived in Chu a person named Chu Zhuliang, who addressed himself as "Lord Ye".
It's said that this Lord Ye was very fond of The walls had dragons painted on The beams, pillars, doors and the windows were all carved with As a result, his love for dragons was spread When the real dragon in heaven heard of this Lord Ye, he was deeply He decided to visit Lord Ye to thank
You might think Lord Ye was very happy to see a real But, actually, at very the sight of the creature, he was scared out of his wits and ran away as fast as he
From then on, people knew that Lord Ye only loved pictures or carvings which look like dragons, not the real
望梅止渴
Among the outstanding figures of Chinese history, famous either for their intelligence or treachery(背叛,变节), Cao Cao is one of the
One hot day, he marched out his troops under a burning sun in a mountainous Bewilderingly(令人困惑地) he lost the The journey was long and the sun was After their fruitless and tiresome march, all voiced their great dissatisfaction with the leadership of Cao They bitterly complained of their great The antagonism(对抗) of the soldiers was growing fast and they were on the verge of staging a mutiny(兵变). The subordinate officers were helpless to cope with the
Cao Cao, however, in the nick of time cleverly and treacherously gave orders to his troops to march to the nearby plum trees for a rest and announced that soldiers would be allowed to eat the juicy sour(酸的) fruit as much as they
At the thought of the sour fruit the soldiers' complaint of great thirst as well as the antagonistic feeling were quickly
based on the story the later generation formed the proverb "to quench one's thirst by looking up at plums", to illustrate a case where one takes comfort in believing that they have already attained that which was expected or
【微语】长得那么美那么帅气，自己却不知道，这就是气质；那么有钱那么有才华，别人却不知道，这就是修养。
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