学分高考 英语

翻译用英文怎么说

发布时间: 2023-02-14 16:27:57

翻译用英文怎么说

你知道翻译用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。

翻译英语释义:

translate;

translator;

interpreter;

interpret

翻译英语例句:

我不太满意他对这个句子的翻译。

I'm not satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence.

我正在逐字的翻译。

I am making a verbal translation.

逐字翻译不一定最接近原义。

A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.

我认为她对这篇文章的翻译要比他强的多。

I think her translation of the article is much better than his.

你能把这句话翻译成英语吗?

Can you translate the sentence into English?

在你们的合同中已订定有可能要翻译这本书。

The possibility of the book being translated is provided for in your contract.

求一段英语翻译5标签:英语翻译,英语,翻译我的好朋友叫小红。

My good friend shouts for a short time redly.

受控语言加机器翻译就是受控翻译。

Machine translation plus controlled language is called controlled translation.

女孩们等待埃施先生作翻译。

The girls waited for Mr Esch to translate.

人们很难翻译幽默或笑话。

You really can 't translate humor or jokes.

翻译者可以使用常见的翻译工具,例如使用Trados直接在这些档案上执行翻译工作。

The translators can use mon translation tools such as Trados to perform the translation work directly on these files.

我给你当翻译。

I'll act as interpreter for you.

要不要我来帮你翻译?

Would you like me to interpret for you?

英语怎么翻译

英语翻译注意以下技巧:
1、通读全文:做英语翻译的时候需要对全文有个大致的了解。阅读的时候要把握一些关键词和中心词,这样对于理解全文的基本意思和主旨有一定的好处。
2、翻译技巧:在翻译一段文字或是一句话的时候,总会感觉到逐字翻译,有些不太符合汉语的习惯,这是因为英语和汉语的表达方式和思维习惯有着明显的差异。因此,在翻译的时候,要根据特定的情况来灵活翻译,尽量与汉语的语言习惯相符合。
3、结合上下文:文章之间是有关联的,通过一些关键词和同义词来准确的做出翻译。此外,翻译时需要适当的学会增加或者减少一些文字。
4、积累基本词汇:平时可以适当的记忆和理解一些词汇,了解它们的基本用法和区别,最好是通过文章和句子来加深印象。后续就可以通过上下文的语境来理解这些词语的含义。
5、掌握基本语法:英语文章会包含一些复杂的定语从句,翻译时需要找出它们的基本成分,能够做出一定的分析,然后再进行文字方面的加工和组合,这样翻译句子就变得容易多了。

翻译 用英语怎么说?

1、the first day 第一天,the second day 第二天,the third day第三天,the fourth day 第四天,the fifth day 第五天,the sixth day 第六天,the seventh day 第七天,the eighth day 第八天,the ninth day第九天,the tenth day 第十天,the eleventh day 第十一天,the twelfth day 第十二天,the thirteenth day 第十三天,the fourteenth day 第十四天,the fifteenth day 第十五天,the sixteenth day 第十六天,the seventeenth day 第十七天,the eighteenth day 第十八天,the ninteenth day 第十九天,the twentieth day第二十天。

2、有规律,规律就是,the+ 序数词+ day。第一天就是 the+first+day = the first day。以此类推,第二天就是 the second day。

拓展资料:

1、序数词是数词的一种,主要在英语语法中讲到,在汉语中表示为“第几”。此外,在生日中,描述你出生的日期时,也会用到序数词。比如:May-first (5月1日)

2、有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有:

first——1st

second——2nd

third——3rd

fourth——4th

sixth——6th

twentieth——20th

twenty-third——23rd

其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加th。

参考资料:序数词——百度百科

英语怎么翻译?

综述:我们在做英语翻译的时候,需要对全文有个大致的了解。一般而言,英语文章有长得,也有比较短的,我们要根据特定的情况来翻译。

我们在阅读的时候,要把握一些关键词和中心词,这样对于理解全文的基本意思和主旨有一定的好处。此外,我们还要了解一下英语文章的主要类型,如散文、传记文学,还是小说。

我们在做英语翻译的时候需要了解一些技巧。很多时候,我们在翻译一段文字,还是一句话的时候,总会感觉到逐字翻译,有些不太符合汉语的习惯,这是因为英语和汉语的表达方式和思维习惯有着明显的差异。

因此,我们在翻译的时候,还是要根据特定的情况来灵活翻译,尽量与汉语的语言习惯相符合。

关于英语:

英语(英文:English)是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一,称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。

该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关,其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响,尤其是北欧语(北日耳曼语),并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。

英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语支(Ingvaeonic)方言,被统称为古英语。

在线翻译英语

希望能够对你有所帮助

1、世界通
http://www.netat.net/
文本文件英-汉、汉-英翻译,网页英、日、汉(繁、简)互译,邮件中、英互译,双语搜索等。
2、联通翻译
http://www.165net.com/
提供英、汉(简体)、日、俄、德等语种的浏览翻译、即时翻译、上载翻译、邮件翻译。
目前只对中国联通宽带用户及其165拨号上网用户**开放。
3、华建翻译
http://www.hjtek.com/trans/
浏览翻译、
即时翻译

上载翻译、邮件翻译、双语纵横
、网络词海,原文语种有:英语、汉语(简体)、汉语(繁体)、日语俄语德语,译文语种有:英语、汉语(简体)、汉语(繁体)、日语。
4、CCSEE看中文
http://www.xjx.cc/xinxiangmu/yrfy.htm
中文网页翻译中文,英文网页翻译中文(简、繁),中文网页BIG5繁体转换GB简体,英文文本/英文邮件翻译中文(简、繁)。
5、译桥
http://translate.cei.gov.cn/
文件上载翻译(英译汉和汉译英)、在线即时翻译(英译汉和汉译英)、电子邮件翻译(英译汉和汉译英)、实时浏览翻译即网站翻译(英译汉和汉译英)。
6、外语时空
http://www.langsky.com/trans/
网站网页即时翻译、文本翻译---文本即时翻译和文本邮寄翻译、电子邮件即时翻译
可以在线翻译的语言有英语,汉语,法语,德语,西班牙语葡萄牙语意大利语,荷兰语,俄语,希腊语,日语,朝鲜语等。
7、看世界
http://webtran.readworld.com/cn/
把英文文本、网页翻译成中文(简体、繁体)。

英文翻译方法

语言的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流,更有利于语言的发展。在搞翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。今天,我为你带来了英文翻译方法。
英文翻译方法有什么
1.直译法----就是按照文字的字面意思直接翻译过来,例如汉语中的“纸老虎”直译成“paper tiger”,外国人看起来不但深明其义,而且觉得很是传神,所以现已成为正式的英美民族语言。另外,我们口中的“丢脸”也被直译为“lose face”,“走狗”译成为“running dog”.由于中国热而大为外国人欢迎的“功夫”音译成“kung fu”等也算是直译法的一种。

2.同义习语借用法——两种语言中有些同义习语无论在内容、形式和色彩上都有相符合,它们不但相同的意思或隐义,面且有相同的或极相似的形象或比喻。翻译时如果遇到这种情况不妨直载了当地互相借用。比方说汉语中有一句习语是“隔墙有耳“,英语中却有”walls have ears”,两句话字、义两合,无懈可击。我们说“火上加油”,英国人则说”to add fuel to the flame”,两者也完全一样。

3.意译法——有些习语无法直译,也无法找到同义的习语借用,则只好采用意译的方法来对待.例如汉语中的”落花流水”用来表示被打得大败之意,译成英文便是“to be shattered to pieces”。“乌烟瘴气“形容情形混乱不堪,可用“chaos”来表达。

4.省略法—汉语中有一种情况,就是习语中有的是对偶词不达意组,前后含意重复。偶到这种情况时可用省略法来处理,以免产生画蛇添足之感。例如“铜墙铁壁”可译成“wall of bronzl” 已经足够,实在无须说成”wall of copper and iron”.”街谈巷议“在意义上也是重复的,所以译成”street gossip”便可以了。

5.增添法—为了要更清楚地表达原意,有时要结合上下文的需要,在译文中增添一些说明。例如“树倒猢狲散”可译成“once the tree falls,the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter,”其中helter-skelter是“慌慌张张”之意,是增添的成分,原文虽无其字而有其义,加了使形象突出,有声有色。

6.还原法—一些习语源于外语,翻译时可使之还原。例如“夹着尾巴”应写成”with the tail between the legs”;”战争贩子”是英文”war-monger”的中译;”蓝图”则是”blue-print”等.
英文翻译十大技巧
一、增译法

指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:

①、What about calling him right away?

马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)

②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

③、Indeed,the reverse is true.

实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house,the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)

⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)

⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In the field of human rights,China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)

⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)

二、省译法

这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:

①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.

你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)

③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)

三、转换法

指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)

②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.

孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)

③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy,our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)

④、I’m all for you opinion.

我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)

⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.

改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)

⑥、In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.

作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)

⑦、In some of the European countries,the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.

在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)

⑧、时间不早了,我们回去吧!

We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)

⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。

All the students should develop morally,intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)

四、拆句法和合并法

这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:

①、Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.

同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译)

②、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)

③、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.

英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)

④、中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture,but only one tenth of the land is farmland,the rest being mountains,forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)

五、正译法和反译法

这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如:

①、在美国,人人都能买到枪。

In the United States,everyone can buy a gun. (正译)

In the United States,guns are available to everyone. (反译)

②、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)

This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)

③、他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)

He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)

④、他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me. (正译)

Still he failed to understand me. (反译)

⑤、无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)

She is anything but a bright student. (反译)

⑥、Please withholdthe document for the time being.

请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)

请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

六、倒置法

在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:

①、At this moment,through the wonder of telecommunications,more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)

②、I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)

③、改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

七、包孕法

这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如:

①、You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.

您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。

②、What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.

使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利。

八、插入法

指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。

如:如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响",那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about,as Madam put it,"disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.

九、重组法

指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。

如:Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.

必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。

十、综合法

是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。

如:How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market,forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?

欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?

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英语翻译

第一段翻译:

Exhibition letter Ann,busy to disturb you is really embarrassed.

Now,I think I should be time to write a letter to you,

I just know you hate me so much,。

but please allow to be my last audience?

Because there is a lot that I want to tell you through this letter.

Thanks. These years,lost your contact but also lost our friendship,my deep regret.

Unfortunately,life has no regret! If I can help.

Good friends should help each other,isn't they?

剩下的翻译:

Maybe you don't know,I have been missing you,

not blame you,blame me for cowardice and escape.

After high school,the family asked me to "official" (superstition).

I did not from,so I hid in a classmate's home,at that time。

now think is really ridiculous,obviously very want to

know how your college entrance examination,

but just do not have the courage to call you,why? Is irritable?

Or are timid? Maybe all,so I asked him to inquire about you (call you)。

and I knew it harassed you. It may hurt your heart and live up to her expectations.

But I am not like that Like it?

I hope to take this opportunity to express my apology to you and say sorry to you!

I know some things are useless to say sorry,but I still beg for your forgiveness。

hope you can accept my late confession,hope the past let him past.

Perhaps you have forgotten,perhaps I also do not need to mention again。

and perhaps at the beginning is redundant.

and then later,gradually there is no news of you.

I also have no way,because at that time I was really chaotic,

my world became a mess。

my mood was bad to the extreme,I don't want to be tired to you,really! .

(Actually,I have asked someone to go to Dongxi to find you。

I know your home is not in Dongxi. )。

In my freshman year,I dropped out because of my family distress.

After that time,I have been living while working and learning,and at that time。

Fan Zhengli gave me a great help.

The pressure of study and busy work make my daily life full and nervous,

but my thoughts for you have never subsided one day.

Over the years,I felt like an ostrich with my head buried in a sandbag,。

thinking that I could forget all my troubles and missing。

but I found that I was wrong,my troubles can be briefly forgotten,

and the missing is beheaded in any case.

Whenever it is quiet in the dead of night ,I always think of all your dribs and drabs。

I always forget your gentle and considerate voice,your beauty,show off the wisdom.

Whenever I think of these,I will feel that I am happy,the day's fatigue will also disappear.

You have ever know every day after a busy day,

with sweet miss sleep,what comfortable ah. Hello and beautiful!

The last time I came to Hangzhou,in fact,you don't need to see me.

Just want to talk to you,just want to tell you this.

I said I wanted you to come to Hangzhou. It's actually a joke.

Li and I said I had a girlfriend before.

Later,he broke up. In fact,I just want to test your reaction,

there was a mood and conditions to talk about?

You asked Xiao to tell me that you have a boyfriend.

If I don't think of it,it is false,no matter you

have a boyfriend this matter is true or false。

I will sincerely bless you! Have you really never felt anything about me?

I am so stupid! What if you do so? Maybe this is good to you,good to me.

Take good care of you! Just be me

The years have been wishful thinking and sentimental.

People always have to learn to grow up,feelings.

Ha ha,so say up,it is as if you gave me a lesson oh?

People laugh at me silly,maybe it is,perhaps the feelings really shouldn't see so heavy.

Some time ago was originally wanted to make you happy。

(in fact,this is a friend of my search idea,ah... a wrong again wrong. )。

Really disrespect for you,sorry. Ah.... maybe this is a good ending,thank you.

People laughed at me silly,maybe it was.

Fool,but what? The day still goes on.

Right,right? Haha.... Are you doing right now?

Your one Are you sister and brother?

How about the aunt? Or will you call it so?

It feels like you are a bit like an aunt right now.

Uncle's eyes are like you,so crazy! Mother and uncle is so happy!

Ha ha! After writing these words,feel the mood really relaxed a lot。

the original no worry alive is so easy,everything let go,with the encounter!

Let everything with the wind!

Finally sincerely wish you,wish you smooth work,。

wish you find life really love you good partner,

wish aunt smile,also wish your family happiness!

最全英语翻译方法大全

语言的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流,更有利于语言的发展。在搞翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。因为为了忠于原者,译文必须既坚持它的外国味,但也要符合本国文字的要求,而翻译习语却是最难把这两个标准一同达到的。

为了要适汉地把外国语言中的习语忠实地翻译出来,有经验的翻译工作者一般采取下列几种方法:

第一节 词义的确定

正确选择词义是保证译文质量的关键,因为词是语言中最小的,最基本的,且能独立运用的语言单位,不搞清词义就无法准确理解句子的意义,更谈不上通顺地道的表达。一般来说,英语的词义比较灵活多变,词义对上下文的依赖也较强。英国著名语言学家福斯(J.R.Firth)说: “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” (一个词随其上下文不同而具有不同的意义)以下从三个方面详加分析:一词多义,词义的引申(转义,具体化和抽象化)以及词的感情色彩。

一、一词多义(polysemy)

英语中一词多义的现象非常普遍,翻译时一定要多加注意,比如同一个词在不同的上下文就有不同的意义。例如story一词在下列句子中的意义。

•It’s quite another story now.现在情形完全不同了。

•The official concerned refused to confirm the story in the newspaper.有关官员拒绝证实报纸的这条消息。

•The white-haired girl’s story is miserable.

白毛女的遭遇(故事)真悲惨。

二、词义的引申

所谓词义的引申,是指在一个词所具有的基本词义的基础上,进一步加以引申,选择比较合适的词义来表达,使原文的意思表达得更加准确,译文更加通顺流畅。引申有三种情况,即词义转义,词义的具体化和词义的抽象化。如green一词的基本意义是“绿的”,然而在下列短语中却不能简单地译为“绿”,而应作适当的引申。

•green fingers园艺技能

•green-eyed嫉妒

•green hand 新手

•green grocer果菜商

•greenhouse温室,暖房

(一) 英译汉时,有些词的意义如果照搬辞典的解释进行翻译,会使译文生硬晦涩,甚至会造成误解。这种情况应依据上下文和逻辑关系,将原词转义然后译出。例如:

•The study of the brain is one of the last frontiers of human knowledge and of much more immediate importance than understanding the infinity of space or the mystery of the atom.

对大脑的研究是人类知识的最新领域之一,它比研究无限的宇宙和神秘的原子更迫切,更重要。(不译“最后的边疆”)

•The beauty of lasers is that they can do machining without physically touching the material.

激光的妙处就在于它能进行机械加工而不必实际接触所加工的材料。(不译“美丽”)

(二) 词义的具体化是把原文中意义较抽象,笼统的词,依据汉语的表达习惯,引申为意义较具体,较明确的词语来表述。

•More and more people have realized the necessity of learning computer.

越来越多的人认识到了学习计算机的必要性。

•Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.

她的嫉妒心理是她失败的原因。

•All the irregularities of the students in that university result in punishment.

那所大学学生的一切越轨行为都会受到惩处。

(三) 词的抽象化与词的具体化相反,我们有时需要把带有具体意义或具体形象的词或短语,进行抽象化处理,使译文更加忠实和通顺。请看下列例句:

•There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the PC technology.

我们要完全掌握计算机技术,必须经过3个阶段。

Graduate from不能直译成“毕业于”,而应该适当变通,即做抽象化处理,才能做到译文通顺地道。

•There is a mixture of tiger and the ape in Hitler’s character.

希特勒生性既凶残又狡猾。

本句中的“tiger”和“ape”也不宜直译为“老虎”和“猿”,要进行抽象化处理。

•Since I got the news at second hand,I didn’t take it seriously.

这个消息我是间接听来的,所以并没有太当回事。

•The issue was finally settled under the table.

争端终于私下解决了。

•He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together.

她挣的钱几乎难以维持生活。

•I have no head for music.

我没有音乐方面的天赋。

•Brain drain has become No. 1 problem of the developing countries.

人才流失已经成为发展中国家的头等大事。

•Every life has roses and thorns.

人生有苦也有乐。

•She eats like a bird so as to become slim.

她吃得很少以便使自己苗条一些。

•Some students seem to walk on air after they succeed in passing the entrance examination of college.

一些学生在考入大学后似乎有些忘乎所以了。

三、词的感情色彩

词汇按照感情色彩可分为褒义,贬义和中性三类。在翻译过程中,词汇的词性可以根据汉语的表达习惯作适当的调整;词汇的感情色彩则不能随意改变,一般应严格按照原文的精神来处理,也就是说褒义词必须译成褒义词,贬义词必须译成贬义词,中性词必须译成中性词。

应当注意的是,英语中有些词语本身就表示了褒义或贬义,那么译文就应当把相应的褒义或贬义表达出来;但是,也有一部分词语本身似乎是中性的,没有褒义或贬义之分,我们只能依据上下文来判断其感情色彩。请看下面的例子:

•The boy is appreciated by his teacher for his carefulness in his homework.

这个男孩因为功课做得认真而受到老师的称赞。

•Every young man should have big ambition.

每个年轻人都应该有远大抱负。

•Hitler’s ambition was falsified at last.

希特勒的野心最终未能得逞。

第二节 增词法

增词法(Amplification),是指在译文中增加某些原文中虽无其字但有其义的词,其目的是使译文更加通顺自然。但要注意的是,增词绝不是无中生有,不是随意增加原文没有的意义。以下从语义增词,结构增词和修辞增词等方面详加说明。

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