成人英语三级语法辅导：垂悬结构详解

所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分，如分词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法，应该避免。

下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法：

⒈垂悬分词或分词短语，如：转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

① Climbing up the hill,several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二：

(a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill,the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill,they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂悬副词短语，如：

② After putting a shrimp on the hook,the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同：

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook,the fisherma

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook,the fish began to bite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语，如：

③ To write well,a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee,a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如：

(a) To write well,one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b) To be a loyal employee,he or she must have a sense of belonging.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

上述三类垂悬结构中，第一类发生的频率最高，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构：

第一，独立结构(The Absolute Construction，见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如：

① Such being the case,we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如：

② Owing to a lack of funds,the project has to be discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient time,everyone can do the job better.

第三，当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻辑主语，因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如：

④ Judging from his facial look,the news must have been terrible.

⑤ Taken as a whole,there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

?2011年全国成人高考考试大纲汇总

?学分高考校2011年成人高考网络辅导热招中!!!

更多信息请访问：成人高考频道成考高起点辅导成人高考论坛

上面就是peixunla.com小编为大家带来的：成人英语三级语法辅导：垂悬结构详解的全部内容了，更多精彩请持续关注我们。